Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex fascicularis |
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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. | Plants perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock [and, according to Rechinger f. (1937), with fusiform-incrassate root fibers]. |
Stems | solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm. |
ascending or decumbent, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 50–60(–70) cm. |
Leaves | blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute. |
blades with lateral veins forming angle of ca. 80° with midvein especially near base, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 10–25 × 4–12 cm, usually ca. 2 times as long as wide, fleshy, coriaceous, base rounded or truncate-cuneate, occasionally indistinctly cordate, margins entire, flat, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/3–1/2 of stem, usually lax, interrupted in proximal part, broadly paniculate. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen. |
articulated in proximal part, distinctly thickened distally 8–13 mm, (2.5–)3–4 times as long as inner tepals, articulation slightly swollen. |
Flowers | 3–6(–8) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins. |
10–20 in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or rounded-triangular, 4–5 × 4–5 mm, base truncate or subcordate, margins entire, or rarely indistinctly erose, apex acute or acuminate (with broadly triangular tip); tubercles 3, equal or subequal, minutely punctate and/or rugose in proximal part. |
Achenes | brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
brown or dark brown, 2–2.5(–3) × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes). |
= 60. |
Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex fascicularis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places | Swamps, marshes, wet meadows, shores of lakes and rivers |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
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FL |
Discussion | Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rumex fascicularis was mentioned for North Carolina (Á. Löve 1986). It is closely related to and sometimes treated as a subspecies of R. verticillatus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. | FNA vol. 5, p. 507. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Axillares |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii | R. verticillatus subsp. fascicularis |
Name authority | Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) | Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 367, plate 246. (1895) |
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