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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel

pale dock, smooth dock, tall dock

Habit Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. Plants perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock.
Stems

solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm.

erect, rarely ascending, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 50–90(–120) cm.

Leaves

blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute.

blades ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 10–15 × 3–5.5 cm, usually ca. 2.5–4 times as long as wide, widest in proximal 1/2, thick, often subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate, rarely almost rounded, margins entire, flat, apex acute or attenuate.

Inflorescences

terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate.

terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/5–1/3 of stem, rather dense, normally broadly paniculate.

Pedicels

articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen.

articulated in proximal 1/3, sometimes almost near base, thick, (2–)3–7(–8) mm, usually approximately as long as inner tepals, occasionally slightly longer or shorter, articulation swollen.

Flowers

3–6(–8) in whorls;

inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute;

tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins.

12–20 in whorls;

inner tepals with broadly triangular, ovate-triangular, or broadly ovate-deltoid, 4.5–6 × 3–4.5(–5) mm, base truncate or indistinctly cordate, margins entire, apex acute;

tubercles (2–)3, equal or subequal, glabrous or minutely rugose.

Achenes

brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

brown or dark reddish brown, 2.5–3.5 × 1.8–2.3 mm.

2n

= 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes).

= 20.

Rumex hastatulus

Rumex altissimus

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places Swamps, marshes, wet shores, alluvial woods, other wet habitats
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON; n Mexico [Europe (introduced in Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The name Rumex britannica Linnaeus was misapplied to this species by C. F. Meisner (1856) and some North American authors.

Some records of Rumex altissimus from Arizona and New Mexico may refer to R. ellipticus. Two reports from New Mexico were based on misidentification of R. hymenosepalus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 502. FNA vol. 5, p. 507.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Axillares
Sibling taxa
R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpinus, R. altissimus, R. arcticus, R. beringensis, R. britannica, R. brownii, R. bucephalophorus, R. californicus, R. chrysocarpus, R. confertus, R. conglomeratus, R. crassus, R. crispus, R. cristatus, R. cuneifolius, R. densiflorus, R. dentatus, R. ellipticus, R. fascicularis, R. floridanus, R. fueginus, R. graminifolius, R. hesperius, R. hymenosepalus, R. kerneri, R. krausei, R. lacustris, R. lapponicus, R. longifolius, R. maritimus, R. mexicanus, R. nematopodus, R. obovatus, R. obtusifolius, R. occidentalis, R. orthoneurus, R. pallidus, R. palustris, R. paraguayensis, R. patientia, R. paucifolius, R. persicarioides, R. praecox, R. pseudonatronatus, R. pulcher, R. pycnanthus, R. salicifolius, R. sanguineus, R. sibiricus, R. spiralis, R. stenophyllus, R. subarcticus, R. thyrsiflorus, R. tomentellus, R. transitorius, R. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. venosus, R. verticillatus, R. violascens
R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpinus, R. arcticus, R. beringensis, R. britannica, R. brownii, R. bucephalophorus, R. californicus, R. chrysocarpus, R. confertus, R. conglomeratus, R. crassus, R. crispus, R. cristatus, R. cuneifolius, R. densiflorus, R. dentatus, R. ellipticus, R. fascicularis, R. floridanus, R. fueginus, R. graminifolius, R. hastatulus, R. hesperius, R. hymenosepalus, R. kerneri, R. krausei, R. lacustris, R. lapponicus, R. longifolius, R. maritimus, R. mexicanus, R. nematopodus, R. obovatus, R. obtusifolius, R. occidentalis, R. orthoneurus, R. pallidus, R. palustris, R. paraguayensis, R. patientia, R. paucifolius, R. persicarioides, R. praecox, R. pseudonatronatus, R. pulcher, R. pycnanthus, R. salicifolius, R. sanguineus, R. sibiricus, R. spiralis, R. stenophyllus, R. subarcticus, R. thyrsiflorus, R. tomentellus, R. transitorius, R. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. venosus, R. verticillatus, R. violascens
Synonyms Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii
Name authority Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. 2, 477. (1847)
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