Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex acetosa |
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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel |
common dock, common sorrel, garden sorrel, grande oseille, green sorrel, sourdock, tall coneflower |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. | Plants perennial, glabrous or nearly so, with short and relatively thin, horizontal or slightly oblique rootstock (usually not reaching deep into substrate) and ± crowded 2d-order roots. |
Stems | solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm. |
erect or rarely ascending, 1 to several from base, branched in distal 1/2 (in inflorescence), (25–)30–90(–110) cm. |
Leaves | blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute. |
ocrea normally laciniate; blade oblong-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, to lanceolate, 4–10(–15) × 1–4(–6) cm, normally more than 2.5 times as long as wide, base sagittate (with acute lobes directed downward, ± parallel to petiole), margins entire, normally flat, apex acute or subacute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal, occupying distal 1/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted especially in proximal part, narrowly paniculate, cylindric (with 1st-order branches simple, or with few 2d-order branches). |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen. |
articulated near middle, filiform, 2–5(–6) mm, articulation distinct. |
Flowers | 3–6(–8) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins. |
(2–)4–8(–10) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate, occasionally broadly ovate, 3–4(–5) × 3–4 mm, base rounded or cordate, apex obtuse; tubercles small or occasionally absent. |
Achenes | brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
black to dark brown, 1.8–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth. |
2n | = 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes). |
= 14 (pistillate plants), 15 (staminate plants). |
Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex acetosa |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places | Waste places, meadows, cultivated fields, alluvial habitats |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
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AK; CT; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; OR; PA; VT; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; SPM; Europe; nw Africa; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rumex acetosa is morphologically uniform in North America. It sometimes is misidentified as R. hastatulus orR. acetosella. Collections from North America are few in herbaria, and this species probably is not as common in the flora area as has been generally assumed. Some literature reports for R. acetosa may refer to other taxa of the species group. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii | Acetosa pratensis, R. acetosa subsp. pratensis |
Name authority | Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 337. (1753) |
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