Rumex densiflorus |
Rumex altissimus |
|
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dense-flower dock |
pale dock, smooth dock, tall dock |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, glabrous or indistinctly papillose-pubescent, with creeping horizontal rhizome. | Plants perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. |
Stems | erect, branched above middle (only in inflorescence), 50–100 cm. |
erect, rarely ascending, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 50–90(–120) cm. |
Leaves | ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade with large lateral veins alternating with short ones, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 30–40(–50) × 10–12 cm, more than 3 times as long as wide, base broadly cuneate, truncate, or weakly cordate, margins entire or indistinctly repand, flat, apex obtuse or broadly acute. |
blades ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 10–15 × 3–5.5 cm, usually ca. 2.5–4 times as long as wide, widest in proximal 1/2, thick, often subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate, rarely almost rounded, margins entire, flat, apex acute or attenuate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, usually dense, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/5–1/3 of stem, rather dense, normally broadly paniculate. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, 6–16 mm, articulation indistinct. |
articulated in proximal 1/3, sometimes almost near base, thick, (2–)3–7(–8) mm, usually approximately as long as inner tepals, occasionally slightly longer or shorter, articulation swollen. |
Flowers | 10–20 in whorls; inner tepals ovate-triangular or subcordate, 5–6 × 4.5–6 mm, widest at or near middle, base weakly emarginate, margins entire, erose, or indistinctly denticulate mostly at base, apex abruptly narrowed, acute or subacute; tubercles absent. |
12–20 in whorls; inner tepals with broadly triangular, ovate-triangular, or broadly ovate-deltoid, 4.5–6 × 3–4.5(–5) mm, base truncate or indistinctly cordate, margins entire, apex acute; tubercles (2–)3, equal or subequal, glabrous or minutely rugose. |
Achenes | deep brown to reddish brown, 2.5–4(–4.5) × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
brown or dark reddish brown, 2.5–3.5 × 1.8–2.3 mm. |
2n | = 120. |
= 20. |
Rumex densiflorus |
Rumex altissimus |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring–early summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Along streams and rivers in montane, subalpine, and alpine zones | Swamps, marshes, wet shores, alluvial woods, other wet habitats |
Elevation | 1500-3000(-3500) m (4900-9800(-11500) ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; NM; WY
|
AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON; n Mexico [Europe (introduced in Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom)]
|
Discussion | The following three species are closely related to Rumex densiflorus, all belonging to subsect. Densiflori Rechinger f., and possibly form one polymorphic “macrospecies” (K. H. Rechinger 1937). Á. Löve (1986) treated R. orthoneurus and R. pycnanthus as subspecies of R. densiflorus. However, the variability of this aggregate is insufficiently known, and I prefer to treat it as consisting of four “microspecies.” Rumex densiflorus is reported from northwestern New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980), where it most probably occurs; records for southern Idaho (R. J. Davis 1952) and Arizona (J. H. Lehr 1978) need confirmation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Rumex britannica Linnaeus was misapplied to this species by C. F. Meisner (1856) and some North American authors. Some records of Rumex altissimus from Arizona and New Mexico may refer to R. ellipticus. Two reports from New Mexico were based on misidentification of R. hymenosepalus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 515. | FNA vol. 5, p. 507. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Axillares |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. polyrrhizus | |
Name authority | Osterhout: Erythea 6: 13. (1898) | Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. 2, 477. (1847) |
Web links |