Rumex crispus
Rumex lacustris
curled dock, curly dock, patience crépue, reguette, rumex crépu, sour dock, yellow dock
lake dock, lake willow dock
erect, branched distal to middle, 40–100(–150) cm.
erect, ascending, or submerged and/or floating (in aquatic forms), usually producing numerous axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes (especially in aquatic plants), 40–70(–90) cm.
ocrea deciduous, rarely partially persistent at maturity;
blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, normally 15–30(–35) × 2–6 cm, base cuneate, truncate, or weakly cordate, margins entire to subentire, strongly crisped and undulate, apex acute.
blades very variable, in aquatic submerged forms usually ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so; in terrestrial forms lanceolate, papillose-pubescent abaxially, (2–)3–7 × (0.5–)1–3 cm, usually ca. 3.5–5 times as long as wide, widest near middle, thin or occasionally subcoriaceous in terrestrial plants, base cuneate, margins entire, flat or undulate, apex acute or subobtuse.
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, dense or interrupted at base, narrowly to broadly paniculate, branches usually straight or arcuate.
terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/5 or less of stem, dense or interrupted in proximal 1/2 usually narrowly paniculate (branches simple and comparatively short).
articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, (3–)4–8 mm, articulation distinctly swollen.
articulated in proximal 1/2, or almost near middle, filiform (slightly thickened distally), 2.5–4(–6) mm, subequal to inner tepals or at most 2 times longer, articulation indistinctly swollen.
10–25 in whorls;
inner tepals orbiculate-ovate or ovate-deltoid, 3.5–6 × 3–5 mm, base truncate or subcordate, margins entire or subentire to very weakly erose, flat, apex obtuse or subacute;
tubercles normally 3, rarely 1 or 2, unequal, at least 1 distinctly larger, more than (1–)1.5 mm wide.
10–20 in whorls;
inner tepals ovate or elliptic, occasionally elliptic-triangular, 2–2.5(–3) × 1–1.5(–2) mm, base truncate or broadly rounded-cuneate, margins entire or very indistinctly erose, apex subacute or obtuse;
tubercles 3, equal or subequal (much narrower than inner tepals), smooth or slightly verrucose.
usually reddish brown, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm.
brown or dark reddish brown, 1.5–2.2 × 0.8–1.2 mm.
= 60.
= 20.
Rumex crispus
Rumex lacustris
Rumex crispus (belonging to subsect. Crispi Rechinger f.; see K. H. Rechinger 1937) is the most widespread and ecologically successful species of the genus, occuring almost worldwide as a completely naturalized and sometimes invasive alien. It has not been reported from Greenland, but it probably occurs there.
Rumex crispus hybridizes with many other species of subg. Rumex. Hybrids with R. obtusifolius (Rumex ×pratensis Mertens & Koch) are the most common in the genus, at least in Europe, and have been reported for several localities in North America. Rumex crispus × R. patientia (Rumex ×confusus Simonkai) was reported from New York. According to R. S. Mitchell (1986, p. 47), “this hybrid is now spreading along highway shoulders, and it has replaced R. crispus in some local areas.” However, that information should be confirmed by more detailed studies since spontaneous hybrids between species of sect. Rumex usually are much less fertile and ecologically successful than the parental species. Hybrids of Rumex occuring in North America need careful revision.
Numerous infraspecific taxa and even segregate species have been described in the Rumex crispus aggregate. Many seem to represent minor variation of little or no taxonomic significance, but some are geographically delimited entities that may deserve recognition as subspecies or varieties. The typical variety has inner tepals with three well-developed tubercles; the less common var. unicallosus Petermann, with one tubercle, occurs sporadically in North America.
Some eastern Asian plants differ from typical Rumex crispus is having somewhat smaller inner tepals, longer pedicels, lax inflorescences with remote whorls, and narrower leaves that are almost flat or indistinctly undulate at the margins. These plants, originally described as R. fauriei Rechinger f., are now treated as R. crispus subsp. fauriei (Rechinger f.) Mosyakin & W. L. Wagner; the subspecies was recently reported from Hawaii (S. L. Mosyakin and W. L. Wagner 1998) and may be expected as introduced in western North America.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Rumex lacustris is represented by two ecotypes: submerged aquatic forma lacustris (= forma aquatilis Rechinger f.), and terrestrial forma terrestris Rechinger f. The latter is unique among representatives of the R. salicifolius aggregate, which are normally glabrous, in having distinctly papillose-pubescent leaves. The species may occur also in the adjacent part of northern Nevada.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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