Rumex crispus
Rumex chrysocarpus
curled dock, curly dock, patience crépue, reguette, rumex crépu, sour dock, yellow dock
Amamastla, Amamastla dock
erect, branched distal to middle, 40–100(–150) cm.
ascending or erect, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 40–60(–80) cm.
ocrea deciduous, rarely partially persistent at maturity;
blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, normally 15–30(–35) × 2–6 cm, base cuneate, truncate, or weakly cordate, margins entire to subentire, strongly crisped and undulate, apex acute.
blades deep olive green, with strongly prominent veins abaxially, linear-lanceolate, occasionally lanceolate, 5–12 × 1.5–4 cm, usually ca. 3.5–5 times as long as wide, widest near or below middle, thick, coriaceous, base cuneate or rounded-cuneate, margins entire to crenulate, undulate or crisped, flat, apex subobtuse or broadly acute.
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, dense or interrupted at base, narrowly to broadly paniculate, branches usually straight or arcuate.
terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/3 of stem, lax, interrupted almost to top, usually broadly paniculate (branches simple or nearly so).
articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, (3–)4–8 mm, articulation distinctly swollen.
articulated in proximal 1/3 or almost near middle, filiform or slightly thickened, especially distally 3–6(–7) mm, not more than 2–2.5 times as long as inner tepals, articulation indistinctly swollen.
10–25 in whorls;
inner tepals orbiculate-ovate or ovate-deltoid, 3.5–6 × 3–5 mm, base truncate or subcordate, margins entire or subentire to very weakly erose, flat, apex obtuse or subacute;
tubercles normally 3, rarely 1 or 2, unequal, at least 1 distinctly larger, more than (1–)1.5 mm wide.
5–15 in whorls;
inner tepals orbiculate, ovate-deltoid, or ovate-triangular, 3.5–4.5(–5) × 3–4(–4.5) mm, base truncate or rarely indistinctly cordate, margins entire, apex subacute;
tubercles 3, equal or subequal, much narrower than inner tepals, free margins of inner tepals wider than or at least as wide as tubercle, verrucose to subglabrous.
usually reddish brown, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm.
brown or dark reddish brown, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm.
= 60.
= 20.
Rumex crispus
Rumex chrysocarpus
Rumex crispus (belonging to subsect. Crispi Rechinger f.; see K. H. Rechinger 1937) is the most widespread and ecologically successful species of the genus, occuring almost worldwide as a completely naturalized and sometimes invasive alien. It has not been reported from Greenland, but it probably occurs there.
Rumex crispus hybridizes with many other species of subg. Rumex. Hybrids with R. obtusifolius (Rumex ×pratensis Mertens & Koch) are the most common in the genus, at least in Europe, and have been reported for several localities in North America. Rumex crispus × R. patientia (Rumex ×confusus Simonkai) was reported from New York. According to R. S. Mitchell (1986, p. 47), “this hybrid is now spreading along highway shoulders, and it has replaced R. crispus in some local areas.” However, that information should be confirmed by more detailed studies since spontaneous hybrids between species of sect. Rumex usually are much less fertile and ecologically successful than the parental species. Hybrids of Rumex occuring in North America need careful revision.
Numerous infraspecific taxa and even segregate species have been described in the Rumex crispus aggregate. Many seem to represent minor variation of little or no taxonomic significance, but some are geographically delimited entities that may deserve recognition as subspecies or varieties. The typical variety has inner tepals with three well-developed tubercles; the less common var. unicallosus Petermann, with one tubercle, occurs sporadically in North America.
Some eastern Asian plants differ from typical Rumex crispus is having somewhat smaller inner tepals, longer pedicels, lax inflorescences with remote whorls, and narrower leaves that are almost flat or indistinctly undulate at the margins. These plants, originally described as R. fauriei Rechinger f., are now treated as R. crispus subsp. fauriei (Rechinger f.) Mosyakin & W. L. Wagner; the subspecies was recently reported from Hawaii (S. L. Mosyakin and W. L. Wagner 1998) and may be expected as introduced in western North America.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
The name Rumex floridanus was misapplied (in part) to this species by W. D. Trelease (1892) and other North American authors. Rumex chrysocarpus is distinctive and rarely confused with other species of the R. salicifolius aggregate.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
Go Botany, 
IL Wildflowers, 
KS Wildflowers, 
LA Plants, 
MD Biodiversity, 
MI Flora, 
MN Wildflowers, 
MO Plants, 
PNW Herbaria, 
SW CO Wildflowers, Turner Photog. 
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
