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brown-eyed susan, thin-leaf coneflower, three-leaf coneflower, three-lobed coneflower

softhair coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (rhizomatous). Annuals, biennials, or perennials, to 100 cm (taprooted).
Stems

glabrate to hirsute or strigose (hairs 1–2 mm, basal retrorse, others spreading).

softly pilose to woolly (hairs spreading, 1–4 mm, longer ones toward bases).

Leaves

blades ovate to subcordate or elliptic (not lobed), margins serrate, apices acute to acuminate, faces hirsute to strigose;

basal petiolate, 10–30 × 2–8 cm, bases truncate or rounded to cordate;

cauline petiolate or sessile, ovate to elliptic, proximal usually 3–5-lobed, 2–20 × 1.5–8 cm (smaller, fewer lobed distally), bases rounded to attenuate, sometimes clasping.

blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate (not lobed), margins entire or serrate, apices acute to obtuse, faces softly pilose to woolly, gland-dotted;

basal petiolate, 5–12 × 0.5–2 cm, bases attenuate;

cauline sessile, (elliptic to pandurate) 1.5–10 × 1–4 cm (mid largest, bases cuneate to auriculate).

Receptacles

conic to subhemispheric;

paleae 5–6.5 mm, apices cuspidate (tips awnlike, 1.5+ mm), glabrous.

conic to hemispheric;

paleae 5–6.5 mm, apices acute, abaxial tips hirsute and gland-dotted.

Ray florets

8–15;

laminae (corollas yellow to yellow-orange with basal maroon splotches) linear to oblanceolate, 8–30 × 3–8 mm, abaxially sparsely strigose.

10–16;

laminae linear to oblanceolate, 20–40 × 4–7 mm, abaxially hairy and gland-dotted.

Disc florets

150–300+;

corollas yellowish green basally, otherwise brown-purple, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1.2 mm, apices obtuse to rounded.

200–400+;

corolla bases yellowish green, otherwise brown-purple, 3–4.2 mm;

style branches ca. 1.5 mm, apices acute to obtuse.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm (faces moderately hirsute).

to 1.5 cm (faces hairy and gland-dotted).

Heads

(10–30) in paniculiform arrays.

borne singly or (2–12) in loose, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.9–2.8 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.2 mm.

2.5–3.5 mm;

pappi 0 or coroniform, to 0.1 mm.

Discs

8–15 × 10–20 mm.

10–20 × 12–18 mm.

2n

= 38.

Rudbeckia triloba

Rudbeckia mollis

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Dry, sandy soils
Elevation 30–90 m (100–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Cauline leaves (at least some) 5–7-lobed (Florida, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia)
var. pinnatiloba
1. Cauline leaves (at least some) 3-lobed
→ 2
2. Ray laminae 8–17 mm; discs 10–15 mm diam. (20–100 m; relatively widespread)
var. triloba
2. Ray laminae 18–30 mm; discs 15–20 mm diam. (100–1200 m; Iowa, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee)
var. rupestris
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 59. FNA vol. 21, p. 58.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. triloba var. pinnatiloba, R. triloba var. rupestris, R. triloba var. triloba
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 907. (1753) Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 453. (1823)
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