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brown-eyed susan, thin-leaf coneflower, three-leaf coneflower, three-lobed coneflower

clasping coneflower, clasping-leaf coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (rhizomatous).
Stems

glabrate to hirsute or strigose (hairs 1–2 mm, basal retrorse, others spreading).

Leaves

blades ovate to subcordate or elliptic (not lobed), margins serrate, apices acute to acuminate, faces hirsute to strigose;

basal petiolate, 10–30 × 2–8 cm, bases truncate or rounded to cordate;

cauline petiolate or sessile, ovate to elliptic, proximal usually 3–5-lobed, 2–20 × 1.5–8 cm (smaller, fewer lobed distally), bases rounded to attenuate, sometimes clasping.

blades 3–15 × 0.5–4 cm.

Involucres

1–4 cm diam.

Receptacles

conic to subhemispheric;

paleae 5–6.5 mm, apices cuspidate (tips awnlike, 1.5+ mm), glabrous.

Ray florets

8–15;

laminae (corollas yellow to yellow-orange with basal maroon splotches) linear to oblanceolate, 8–30 × 3–8 mm, abaxially sparsely strigose.

Ray laminae

spreading, eventually reflexed, elliptic to obovate, 12–30 × 7–15 mm, abaxially hirsute.

Disc florets/Disc corollas

150–300+;

corollas yellowish green basally, otherwise brown-purple, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1.2 mm, apices obtuse to rounded.

2.8–3.5 mm.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm (faces moderately hirsute).

spreading to reflexed, green, linear to lanceolate, herbaceous.

Heads

(10–30) in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.9–2.8 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.2 mm.

each face 4–5-striate and minutely cross-rugose, glabrous;

pappi 0 (cypselae each with ring of tan tissue at apex, ca. 0.1 mm).

Discs

8–15 × 10–20 mm.

2n

= 32.

Rudbeckia triloba

Rudbeckia amplexicaulis

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Open sites, moist soils
Elevation 0–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; KS; LA; MO; MS; ND; NM; OK; SC; TX
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rudbeckia amplexicaulis grows mainly in the Gulf coastal plain and Mississippi Embayment. It may be adventive elsewhere. It is used in “native” meadow and roadside plantings and has become a problem in some agricultural crops.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Cauline leaves (at least some) 5–7-lobed (Florida, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia)
var. pinnatiloba
1. Cauline leaves (at least some) 3-lobed
→ 2
2. Ray laminae 8–17 mm; discs 10–15 mm diam. (20–100 m; relatively widespread)
var. triloba
2. Ray laminae 18–30 mm; discs 15–20 mm diam. (100–1200 m; Iowa, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee)
var. rupestris
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 59. FNA vol. 21, p. 46.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Dracopis
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana
R. alpicola, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. triloba var. pinnatiloba, R. triloba var. rupestris, R. triloba var. triloba
Synonyms Dracopis amplexicaulis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 907. (1753) Vahl: Skr. Naturhist. Selsk. 2(2): 29, plate 4. (1793)
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