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sweet coneflower

cabbage coneflower, great coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 200 cm (rhizomatous, rhizomes stout). Perennials, to 250 cm (rhizomatous, roots fibrous).
Stems

densely hirsute (hairs mostly antrorse, to 0.5 mm).

Leaves

blades ovate to elliptic (not lobed), margins denticulate to serrate, apices acute to obtuse or acuminate, faces densely hirsute and gland-dotted (glands fewer adaxially);

basal 15–30 × 3–10 cm, bases attenuate;

cauline petiolate, ovate to elliptic, proximal 3–25 × 1–15 cm, usually 3–5-lobed, bases truncate to cuneate or rounded.

bluish green (heavily glaucous, dried blades white under UV light, at least abaxially), blades elliptic, ovate to obovate or pandurate (not lobed), leathery, margins crenate, dentate, or entire, apices acute to rounded, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, elliptic to ovate, 15–65 × 4–15 cm, bases attenuate to cuneate;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 7–50 × 4–14 cm, blades ovate to pandurate, bases cuneate to auriculate (and clasping).

Receptacles

conic to hemispheric;

paleae 4–6 mm, apices acute, abaxial tips hirsute and gland-dotted.

ovoid to conic;

paleae 6–8 mm, apices mostly rounded, abaxial tips glabrous (hairy subapically).

Ray florets

10–16;

laminae (yellow to yellow-orange) linear to oblanceolate, 20–40 × 5–8 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy, abundantly gland-dotted.

10–20;

laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 30–80 × 8–15 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy.

Disc florets

200–400+;

corollas yellowish green on basal 1/2, otherwise brown-purple, 3–4.2 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

300–600+;

corollas maroon (at least distally), 4–6 mm;

style branches ca. 2.2 mm, apices acute.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm (faces hairy and ± gland-dotted).

to 1.5 cm (ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate).

Heads

(8–25) in loose, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.

borne singly or (3–15) in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

2–3.5 mm;

pappi coroniform, to ca. 0.2 mm.

6.5–7 mm;

pappi of 4–6 scales to 1.5 mm.

Discs

10–17 × 5–15 mm.

40–80 × 15–35 mm.

2n

= 38.

= 36.

Rudbeckia subtomentosa

Rudbeckia maxima

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Mesic to wet prairies, stream banks, and woodland openings Mesic pastures, roadsides
Elevation 20–300 m (100–1000 ft) 10–70 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CT; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MI; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; TN; TX; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; LA; OK; SC; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia subtomentosa is often cultivated as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rudbeckia maxima was introduced in South Carolina and possibly elsewhere through horticultural and agricultural activities. It is a cultivated ornamental and is sometimes a problematic pasture weed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 59. FNA vol. 21, p. 50.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 575. (1813) Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354. (1840)
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