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sweet coneflower

black-eyed coneflower, black-eyed susan

Habit Perennials, to 200 cm (rhizomatous, rhizomes stout). Annuals, biennials, or perennials, to 100 cm (taprooted or roots fibrous).
Stems

densely hirsute (hairs mostly antrorse, to 0.5 mm).

hispid to hirsute (hairs spreading, 1+ mm).

Leaves

blades ovate to elliptic (not lobed), margins denticulate to serrate, apices acute to obtuse or acuminate, faces densely hirsute and gland-dotted (glands fewer adaxially);

basal 15–30 × 3–10 cm, bases attenuate;

cauline petiolate, ovate to elliptic, proximal 3–25 × 1–15 cm, usually 3–5-lobed, bases truncate to cuneate or rounded.

blades elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate (not lobed), bases attenuate to cuneate, margins entire or serrate, apices acute, faces hispid to hirsute;

basal petiolate, blades 8–30 × 0.5–7 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, blades (sometimes pandurate) 3–20 × 0.4–4 cm.

Receptacles

conic to hemispheric;

paleae 4–6 mm, apices acute, abaxial tips hirsute and gland-dotted.

hemispheric to ovoid;

paleae 4–6 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hirsute to hispid.

Ray florets

10–16;

laminae (yellow to yellow-orange) linear to oblanceolate, 20–40 × 5–8 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy, abundantly gland-dotted.

8–16;

laminae (usually uniformly yellow to yellow-orange or with a basal maroon splotch, sometimes mostly maroon) elliptic to oblong or oblanceolate, 15–45 × 5–10 mm, abaxially hispid to hirsute.

Disc florets

200–400+;

corollas yellowish green on basal 1/2, otherwise brown-purple, 3–4.2 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

250–500+;

corollas proximally yellowish green, distally brown-purple, 3–4.2 mm;

style branches ca. 1.5 mm, apices subulate.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm (faces hairy and ± gland-dotted).

to 3 cm (faces hispid to hirsute).

Heads

(8–25) in loose, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.

borne singly or (2–5) in loose, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

2–3.5 mm;

pappi coroniform, to ca. 0.2 mm.

1.5–2.7 mm;

pappi 0.

Discs

10–17 × 5–15 mm.

12–22 × 10–20 mm.

2n

= 38.

Rudbeckia subtomentosa

Rudbeckia hirta

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall.
Habitat Mesic to wet prairies, stream banks, and woodland openings
Elevation 20–300 m (100–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CT; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MI; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; TN; TX; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia subtomentosa is often cultivated as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

Some strains of Rudbeckia hirta are cultivated and/or used in seed mixes for “re-naturalization” and erosion control.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Annuals, biennials, or perennials; stems branched at bases or proximal to or at or near mid heights, leafy mostly toward bases (leaves smaller distally); peduncles usually at least 1/2 plant heights (Gulf Coastal Plain, Florida to Texas)
→ 2
1. Biennials or perennials; stems branched mostly beyond mid heights, leafy ± throughout; peduncles to 1/3 plant heights
→ 3
2. Stems branched mostly at or near mid heights; basal leaves oblanceolate, faces hispid to ± sericeous; Georgia to Texas
var. angustifolia
2. Stems branched at or near bases (plants often scapiform); basal leaves obovate to nearly orbiculate, faces scabrous to hirsute; c, s Florida
var. floridana
3. Leaves: basal blades broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 2.5–7 cm wide (lengths mostly 2 times widths), margins coarsely toothed; cauline (sometimes sessile) lanceolate, ovate, or pandurate (mostly Appalachian Highlands toIllinois)
var. hirta
3. Leaves: basal blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1–2.5(–5) cm wide (lengths 3–5 times widths), margins entire or serrulate; cauline blades spatulate, oblanceolate, or broadly linear
var. pulcherrima
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 59. FNA vol. 21, p. 57.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. hirta var. angustifolia, R. hirta var. floridana, R. hirta var. hirta, R. hirta var. pulcherrima
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 575. (1813) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 907. (1753)
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