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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

brown-eyed susan, thin-leaf coneflower, three-leaf coneflower, three-lobed coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 150 cm (rhizomatous).
Stems

glabrate to hirsute or strigose (hairs 1–2 mm, basal retrorse, others spreading).

Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

blades ovate to subcordate or elliptic (not lobed), margins serrate, apices acute to acuminate, faces hirsute to strigose;

basal petiolate, 10–30 × 2–8 cm, bases truncate or rounded to cordate;

cauline petiolate or sessile, ovate to elliptic, proximal usually 3–5-lobed, 2–20 × 1.5–8 cm (smaller, fewer lobed distally), bases rounded to attenuate, sometimes clasping.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

conic to subhemispheric;

paleae 5–6.5 mm, apices cuspidate (tips awnlike, 1.5+ mm), glabrous.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

8–15;

laminae (corollas yellow to yellow-orange with basal maroon splotches) linear to oblanceolate, 8–30 × 3–8 mm, abaxially sparsely strigose.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

150–300+;

corollas yellowish green basally, otherwise brown-purple, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1.2 mm, apices obtuse to rounded.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 1.5 cm (faces moderately hirsute).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

(10–30) in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

1.9–2.8 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.2 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

8–15 × 10–20 mm.

2n

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia triloba

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Cauline leaves (at least some) 5–7-lobed (Florida, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia)
var. pinnatiloba
1. Cauline leaves (at least some) 3-lobed
→ 2
2. Ray laminae 8–17 mm; discs 10–15 mm diam. (20–100 m; relatively widespread)
var. triloba
2. Ray laminae 18–30 mm; discs 15–20 mm diam. (100–1200 m; Iowa, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee)
var. rupestris
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 59.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana
Subordinate taxa
R. triloba var. pinnatiloba, R. triloba var. rupestris, R. triloba var. triloba
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 907. (1753)
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