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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

western black-eyed susan, western chocolate black-eyed susan, western cone-flower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 200 cm (rhizomatous, roots fibrous).
Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

green, blades broadly ovate to lanceolate (rarely lobed), herbaceous, bases attenuate to cuneate or broadly rounded, ultimate margins entire or serrate, apices acute, faces sparsely to densely hairy (mostly adaxially), rarely glabrous;

basal petiolate, 12–30 × 3–9 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 5–25 × 2–10 cm.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

ovoid to columnar;

paleae (proximally light brown, distally green, becoming maroon with age) 5–7 mm, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial tips densely hairy.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

0.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

200–500+;

corollas yellowish green proximally, blackish maroon distally, 4–6 mm;

style branches ca. 1.2 mm, apices acute to rounded.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 3 cm (margins mostly ciliate, hairy, especially abaxially).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

3.5–5 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 1.2 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

17–45 × 12–20 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia occidentalis

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides Open meadows, streamsides, seeps
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft) 1000–2800 m (3300–9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rudbeckia occidentalis is sometimes grown as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 51.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 355. (1840)
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