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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

shiny coneflower, St. John's or black-eyed susan

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 140 cm (rhizomatous, roots fibrous).
Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

green (lightly glaucous), blades elliptic to lanceolate (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate to cuneate, margins crenate, entire, or toothed, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal petiolate, 15–60 × 2–8 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 5–50 × 2–9 cm.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

ovate to columnar;

paleae (recurved prior to flowering, erect to spreading in young heads) 5–6 mm, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial tips hairy.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

8–15;

laminae oblong to oblanceolate, 12–60 × 5–15 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

200–300+;

corollas yellowish green proximally, maroon distally, 3.5–4.5 mm;

style branches ca. 1.2 mm, apices acute to acuminate.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 2 cm (margins sometimes ciliate, sparsely hairy).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

3–5.5 mm;

pappi ± coroniform, to 2 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

10–30 × 12–20 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia nitida

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides Wet pinelands, swales, ditches, bayous
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft) 0–40 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; GA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Rudbeckia nitida grows in northern Florida and southern Georgia (a report for Alabama has not been confirmed). It is cultivated as an ornamental. According to R. Kral (1983), it is threatened or endangered and is associated with savanna or bog dicots and monocots, particularly Eriocaulon, Sarracenia, Lachnocaulon, Rhexia, Xyris, and the composites Coreopsis, Helianthus, and Liatris.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 51.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca R. glabra
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 78. (1834)
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