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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

cabbage coneflower, great coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 250 cm (rhizomatous, roots fibrous).
Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

bluish green (heavily glaucous, dried blades white under UV light, at least abaxially), blades elliptic, ovate to obovate or pandurate (not lobed), leathery, margins crenate, dentate, or entire, apices acute to rounded, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, elliptic to ovate, 15–65 × 4–15 cm, bases attenuate to cuneate;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 7–50 × 4–14 cm, blades ovate to pandurate, bases cuneate to auriculate (and clasping).

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

ovoid to conic;

paleae 6–8 mm, apices mostly rounded, abaxial tips glabrous (hairy subapically).

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

10–20;

laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 30–80 × 8–15 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

300–600+;

corollas maroon (at least distally), 4–6 mm;

style branches ca. 2.2 mm, apices acute.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 1.5 cm (ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

borne singly or (3–15) in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

6.5–7 mm;

pappi of 4–6 scales to 1.5 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

40–80 × 15–35 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia maxima

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides Mesic pastures, roadsides
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft) 10–70 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; LA; OK; SC; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rudbeckia maxima was introduced in South Carolina and possibly elsewhere through horticultural and agricultural activities. It is a cultivated ornamental and is sometimes a problematic pasture weed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 50.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354. (1840)
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