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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

cut-leaf coneflower, green-head black-eyed susan, green-head coneflower, tall black-eyed susan, tall coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomes often elongate, slender, plants colonial, roots fibrous).
Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

green, blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, all but distalmost 1–2-pinnatifid or pinnately compound, leaflets/lobes 3–11, bases cuneate to attenuate or cordate, margins entire or dentate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or hairy (sometimes with translucent patches);

basal (often withering before flowering) petiolate, 15–50 × 10–25 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, mostly lobed to pinnatifid, sometimes not lobed, 8–40 × 3–20 cm.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

hemispheric or ovoid to globose;

paleae 3–7 mm, apices (at least of proximal) truncate or rounded, abaxial tips densely hairy.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

8–12;

laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 15–50 × 4–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

150–300+;

corollas yellow to yellowish green (lobes yellow), 3.5–5 mm;

style branches 1–1.5 mm, apices acute to rounded.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 2 cm (8–15, ovate to lanceolate, margins mostly ciliate, glabrous or hairy).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

(2–25) in loose, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

3–4.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of 4 scales, to 1.5 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

9–30 × 10–23 mm.

2n

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia laciniata

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

Cultivars of Rudbeckia laciniata are grown as ornamentals. The cultivar ‘golden-glow’ is widely planted and occasionally escapes cultivation. Among the varieties traditionally recognized in floristic treatments, vars. ampla and heterophylla are the most distinctive. Detailed investigation may show that the other varieties, from eastern North America, represent broadly intergrading forms that should be subsumed under var. laciniata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Receptacles ovoid; discs (17–)20–30 mm; w of Great Plains
var. ampla
1. Receptacles globose or hemispheric; discs 10–20 mm; Great Plains and e United States
→ 2
2. Basal and proximal cauline leaves not lobed, adaxial faces moderately to densely hairy; Levy County, Florida
var. heterophylla
2. Basal and proximal cauline leaves lobed, adaxial leaf faces sparsely hairy or glabrous; e North America (not Levy County, Florida)
→ 3
3. Proximal leaves usually with 0, 3, or 5 lobes; se United States
var. digitata
3. Proximal leaves usually 1–2-pinnatifid or with 5–11 lobes; e North America (not se United States).
→ 4
4. Proximal cauline leaves 2-pinnatifid, mid cauline leaves 5–11-lobed; paleae 3.1–4.1 mm; cypselae 3.5–4 mm; pappi 0.7–1.5 mm
var. bipinnata
4. Proximal cauline leaves pinnatifid, mid cauline leaves 5–9-lobed; paleae 4.4–6.1 mm; cypselae 4.2–6 mm; pappi 0.1–0.7 mm 7e. Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata
→ Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 49.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. laciniata var. ampla, R. laciniata var. bipinnata, R. laciniata var. digitata, R. laciniata var. heterophylla
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753)
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