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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

largeflower coneflower, rough coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 120 cm (roots fibrous, caudices often woody).
Stems

proximally glabrous or sparsely hairy (hairs spreading), distally strigose (hairs ascending).

Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

blades elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate (± conduplicate, not lobed), bases cuneate to rounded, margins entire or remotely serrate, apices acute, faces strigose, abaxially gland-dotted;

basal petiolate, 10–35 × 2–11 cm;

cauline petiolate (proximal) to nearly sessile (distal), 4–30 × 1.5–9 cm.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

hemispheric to ovoid;

paleae 5–6.5 mm, (apical margins glabrous) acuminate-cuspidate, awn-tipped, abaxial tips sparsely strigose.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

12–25;

laminae elliptic to obovate (reflexed), 20–50 × 5–10 mm, abaxially hairy and gland-dotted.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

200–800+;

corollas greenish yellow basally and in lobes, otherwise maroon, 3.5–5 mm;

style branches ca. 1.8 mm, apices obtuse.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 15 mm (strigose and gland-dotted).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

mostly borne singly.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

2–3 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.5 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

10–30 × 15–25 mm.

2n

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia grandiflora

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; OH; OK; TX; Mostly c, e, and s United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally and hairy distally (hairs ascending, mostly shorter than 0.5 mm)
var. alismifolia
1. Stems hairy (hairs spreading proximally, ascending distally, ca. 1 mm)
var. grandiflora
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 56.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. grandiflora var. alismifolia, R. grandiflora var. grandiflora
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca Centrocarpha grandiflora
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) (Sweet) C. C. Gmelin ex de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 556. (1836)
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