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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

grassleaf coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 80 cm (roots fibrous).
Stems

moderately strigose (hairs ascending).

Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

blades narrowly lanceolate to elliptic (grasslike, lengths 10+ times widths, not lobed), herbaceous, bases attenuate, margins entire, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely hirsute;

basal petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 0.5–1 cm;

cauline sessile, 1–25 × 0.2–1 cm (distal smaller), bases attenuate.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

hemispheric to ovoid;

paleae 4–5 mm, (apical margins glabrous) apices acuminate-cuspidate, awn-tipped, abaxial tips sparsely strigose.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

8–16;

corollas orangish red to maroon, laminae elliptic to obovate, 10–25 × 3–6 mm, abaxially sparsely strigose.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

50–300+;

corollas proximally maroon, distally brown-purple, 3.9–4.4 mm;

style branches ca. 1.8 mm, apices obtuse to rounded.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 1 cm (spreading to reflexed).

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

mostly borne singly.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

2–3 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.5 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

10–15 × 8–15 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 38.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia graminifolia

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides Wet, sandy flatwoods sites
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft) 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rudbeckia graminifolia grows in the Apalachicola region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 56.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. glaucescens, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca Echinacea atrorubens var. graminifolia
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) (Torrey & A. Gray) C. L. Boynton & Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 12. (1901)
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