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California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

orange coneflower, showy coneflower

Habit Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous). Perennials, to 120 cm (stoloniferous, rosettes forming at stolon apices).
Stems

glabrous or moderately hirsute (branches spreading).

Leaves

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

blades lanceolate to broadly ovate or elliptic (not lobed), herbaceous, bases attenuate to cordate, margins usually entire or serrate, sometimes lacerate, apices acute, faces glabrous or hirsute to strigose;

basal petiolate, 5–30 × 1–8 cm;

cauline petiolate, 2–25 × 0.5–7 cm, bases attenuate to cordate or auriculate.

Receptacles

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

hemispheric to ovoid;

paleae 2.5–4 mm, (apical margins usually ciliate) apices obtuse to acute, abaxial tips usually glabrous.

Ray florets

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

10–15;

laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 15–25 × 3–6 mm, abaxially strigose.

Disc florets

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

50–500+;

corollas proximally yellowish green, brown-purple distally, 3–4.2 mm;

style branches ca. 1.3 mm, apices rounded.

Phyllaries

to 1.5 cm.

to 2 cm.

Heads

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

borne singly or (2–7) in corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

2.2–4 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.2 mm.

Discs

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

12–16 × 10–18 mm.

2n

= 36.

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Rudbeckia fulgida

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal leaf blade lengths ± 3 times widths
var. fulgida
1. Basal leaf blade lengths to 2 times widths
→ 2
2. Cauline leaves not notably smaller distally
→ 3
2. Cauline leaves notably smaller distally (except var. umbrosa)
→ 4
3. Stems densely villous-hirsute; basal leaf margins mostly coarsely crenate; cauline leaf margins sharply serrate (teeth remote); Illinois, Indiana, Ohio
var. deamii
3. Stems glabrous or sparsely villous-hirsute; basal leaf margins entire or crenate; cauline leaf margins coarsely serrate to lacerate; ne United States
var. speciosa
4. Ray laminae 25–40 mm; palea margins eciliate (Indiana, Michigan, Ohio)
var. sullivantii
4. Ray laminae 10–30 mm; palea margins ciliate
→ 5
5. Leaf bases (basal and proximal cauline) broadly rounded to cordate (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
var. umbrosa
5. Leaf bases (basal and proximal cauline) usually acute, attenuate, cuneate, or rounded
→ 6
6. Cauline leaf blades lanceolate to ovate; ray laminae 15–25+ mm; Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas
var. palustris
6. Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate to broadly spatulate or pandurate; ray laminae 10–15 mm; Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia
var. spathulata
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 48. FNA vol. 21, p. 53.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. fulgida var. deamii, R. fulgida var. fulgida, R. fulgida var. palustris, R. fulgida var. spathulata, R. fulgida var. speciosa, R. fulgida var. sullivantii, R. fulgida var. umbrosa
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca
Name authority Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 251. (1789)
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