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orange coneflower, showy coneflower

California coneflower, waxy cone-flower

Habit Perennials, to 120 cm (stoloniferous, rosettes forming at stolon apices). Perennials, to 150 cm (roots fibrous).
Stems

glabrous or moderately hirsute (branches spreading).

Leaves

blades lanceolate to broadly ovate or elliptic (not lobed), herbaceous, bases attenuate to cordate, margins usually entire or serrate, sometimes lacerate, apices acute, faces glabrous or hirsute to strigose;

basal petiolate, 5–30 × 1–8 cm;

cauline petiolate, 2–25 × 0.5–7 cm, bases attenuate to cordate or auriculate.

bluish green (heavily glaucous), blades lanceolate to elliptic (not lobed), leathery, bases attenuate, margins entire or remotely serrulate, apices acute, faces glabrous;

basal petiolate, 20–50 × 4–10 cm;

cauline petiolate or sessile, 10–25 × 2–8 cm.

Receptacles

hemispheric to ovoid;

paleae 2.5–4 mm, (apical margins usually ciliate) apices obtuse to acute, abaxial tips usually glabrous.

conic to columnar;

paleae 4–6.5 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hairy.

Ray florets

10–15;

laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 15–25 × 3–6 mm, abaxially strigose.

7–15;

laminae elliptic to oblong, 25–40 × 8–14 mm, abaxially hairy.

Disc florets

50–500+;

corollas proximally yellowish green, brown-purple distally, 3–4.2 mm;

style branches ca. 1.3 mm, apices rounded.

250–400+;

corollas yellowish green, 3–4 mm;

style branches ca. 1 mm, apices acute.

Phyllaries

to 2 cm.

to 1.5 cm.

Heads

borne singly or (2–7) in corymbiform arrays.

borne singly or (2–10) in ± corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

2.2–4 mm;

pappi coroniform, to 0.2 mm.

4–5.5 mm;

pappi coroniform or of ± connate scales, to 1.2 mm.

Discs

12–16 × 10–18 mm.

15–35 × 14–22 mm.

2n

= 36.

Rudbeckia fulgida

Rudbeckia glaucescens

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Meadows, seeps, streamsides
Elevation 60–1300 m (200–4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; QC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rudbeckia glaucescens often grows on serpentine and often with Darlingtonia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal leaf blade lengths ± 3 times widths
var. fulgida
1. Basal leaf blade lengths to 2 times widths
→ 2
2. Cauline leaves not notably smaller distally
→ 3
2. Cauline leaves notably smaller distally (except var. umbrosa)
→ 4
3. Stems densely villous-hirsute; basal leaf margins mostly coarsely crenate; cauline leaf margins sharply serrate (teeth remote); Illinois, Indiana, Ohio
var. deamii
3. Stems glabrous or sparsely villous-hirsute; basal leaf margins entire or crenate; cauline leaf margins coarsely serrate to lacerate; ne United States
var. speciosa
4. Ray laminae 25–40 mm; palea margins eciliate (Indiana, Michigan, Ohio)
var. sullivantii
4. Ray laminae 10–30 mm; palea margins ciliate
→ 5
5. Leaf bases (basal and proximal cauline) broadly rounded to cordate (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
var. umbrosa
5. Leaf bases (basal and proximal cauline) usually acute, attenuate, cuneate, or rounded
→ 6
6. Cauline leaf blades lanceolate to ovate; ray laminae 15–25+ mm; Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas
var. palustris
6. Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate to broadly spatulate or pandurate; ray laminae 10–15 mm; Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia
var. spathulata
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 53. FNA vol. 21, p. 48.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Rudbeckia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Rudbeckiinae > Rudbeckia > sect. Macrocline
Sibling taxa
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. glaucescens, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
R. alpicola, R. amplexicaulis, R. auriculata, R. californica, R. fulgida, R. graminifolia, R. grandiflora, R. heliopsidis, R. hirta, R. klamathensis, R. laciniata, R. maxima, R. missouriensis, R. mohrii, R. mollis, R. montana, R. nitida, R. occidentalis, R. scabrifolia, R. subtomentosa, R. texana, R. triloba
Subordinate taxa
R. fulgida var. deamii, R. fulgida var. fulgida, R. fulgida var. palustris, R. fulgida var. spathulata, R. fulgida var. speciosa, R. fulgida var. sullivantii, R. fulgida var. umbrosa
Synonyms R. californica var. glauca
Name authority Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 251. (1789) Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 55. (1937)
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