Rubus trivialis |
Rubus pubescens |
|
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southern dewberry |
dwarf raspberry, dwarf red blackberry, dwarf red blackberry or raspberry or red raspberry, dwarf red blackberry raspberry, dwarf red raspberry, five-leaf bramble, red raspberry, ronce pubescente, trailing raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 3(–7) dm, sometimes climbing higher through other vegetation, moderately to densely armed. | Herbs, to 0.4 dm, unarmed. |
Stems | biennial, initially low-arching, then falling and creeping (or climbing through other vegetation), glabrous or moderately hairy, sparsely to densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles moderate to dense, recurved, sometimes distally slender, 1–4 mm, broad-based; bristles absent or sparse to dense, erect to retrorse, red to purple, rarely green, slender, weak, gland-tipped. |
creeping, flowering branches erect, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy, eglandular, not pruinose. |
Leaves | persistent or semipersistent, ternate to palmately compound, lustrous; stipules filiform, linear, or lanceolate, 2–12(–15) mm; leaflets 3–5, terminal narrowly elliptic or ovate to obovate, 2–8.5 × 0.7–4.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate, unlobed, margins moderately to coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midvein, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular along central vein. |
deciduous, usually ternate, sometimes pedately 5-foliate; stipules lance-ovate to oblanceolate, (5–)8–12(–20) mm; leaflets 3(–5), petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–7 mm, terminal rhombic to obovate, (2–)4–8(–10) × 2–4(–6) cm, base cuneate, unlobed or 2-lobed, margins deeply serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular. |
Inflorescences | terminal on short shoots, usually appearing axillary, 1(–3)-flowered. |
1–3-flowered, sometimes umbelliform. |
Pedicels | prickles and, often, bristles moderate to dense, recurved, moderately to densely hairy, sparsely to moderately sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular. |
moderately to densely long-hairy, eglandular to densely stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals white to pink, elliptic to obovate, 10–16(–25) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white to pink, oblanceolate to obovate, (4–)6–8(–10) mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous, styles glabrous. |
Fruits | black, globose to ovoid, 1–1.5(–2) cm; drupelets 10–50, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
red, globose to conical, 0.5–1.4 cm diam., drupelets (5–)10–25, loosely coherent, falling separately or as a unit with torus attached. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Rubus trivialis |
Rubus pubescens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, savannas, prairies, meadows, sand dunes, disturbed areas, dry to seasonally wet soil | Swamps, bogs, fens, stream banks, moist woods, bluffs, gravel sites, sandy soil |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–2200 m (0–7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
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AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM
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Discussion | Rubus trivialis is distinguished from other species of Rubus by its frequently glandular-bristly and generally creeping stems, abundant recurved prickles, and typically persistent or semipersistent, lustrous primocane leaves with relatively narrow leaflets. Although emerging primocanes typically reach to 30 cm above the ground, vigorous plants can have new primocanes standing erect to 70 cm that later fall to the ground or onto adjacent vegetation as they continue to enlarge. L. H. Bailey (1941–1945) believed that there was no clear separation between members of sect. Persistentes Fernald (referred to by Bailey as sect. Verotriviales [illegitimate sectional name for R. trivialis and associated species]) and sect. Procumbentes (by Bailey as sect. Flagellares; including R. flagellaris and related species). All characteristics that he recognized for distinguishing sect. Persistentes from sect. Procumbentes are often present in the latter, with the exception of hispid-setose stems, and glabrous plants of R. trivialis are difficult to distinguish from some plants of R. flagellaris; to include the latter species within the former would be reasonable. Rubus ×inferior L. H. Bailey is a putative hybrid of R. trivialis and R. cuneifolius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus pubescens is recognized by its creeping, unarmed stems, oblanceolate to lance-ovate stipules, relatively small flowers, and white to pink petals. It hybridizes with R. arcticus subsp. acaulis in areas of sympatry, and the hybrids are referable to R. ×paracaulis L. H. Bailey [= R. pubescens var. paracaulis (L. H. Bailey) B. Boivin]. The hybrids are similar to R. arcticus subsp. acaulis in having more obovate, rounded leaflets, and larger, pink to magenta petals; they are larger, creeping, and have hairy and stipitate-glandular pedicels and sepals like R. pubescens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 54. | FNA vol. 9, p. 51. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. agilis, R. continentalis, R. duplaris, R. ictus, R. lucidus, R. macvaughii, R. mirus, R. nessianus, R. riograndis, R. rubrisetus, R. sons, R. tallahasseanus | R. saxatilis var. canadensis, R. pubescens var. pilosifolius |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 296. (1803) | Rafinesque: Med. Repos., hexade 3, 2: 333. (1811) |
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