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southern dewberry

Japanese wineberry, wine raspberry, wineberry

Habit Shrubs, to 3(–7) dm, sometimes climbing higher through other vegetation, moderately to densely armed. Shrubs, 10–20(–30) dm, armed.
Stems

biennial, initially low-arching, then falling and creeping (or climbing through other vegetation), glabrous or moderately hairy, sparsely to densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;

prickles moderate to dense, recurved, sometimes distally slender, 1–4 mm, broad-based;

bristles absent or sparse to dense, erect to retrorse, red to purple, rarely green, slender, weak, gland-tipped.

biennial, arching, sparsely to moderately hairy, long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse to dense, erect to hooked, slender, 2–8(–10) mm, slender-based;

bristles dense, 2–6 mm, usually gland-tipped and reddish purple, glands ellipsoid to narrowly cup-shaped.

Leaves

persistent or semipersistent, ternate to palmately compound, lustrous;

stipules filiform, linear, or lanceolate, 2–12(–15) mm;

leaflets 3–5, terminal narrowly elliptic or ovate to obovate, 2–8.5 × 0.7–4.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate, unlobed, margins moderately to coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midvein, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular along central vein.

deciduous, ternate;

stipules filiform, 5–12 mm;

terminal leaflets broadly deltate or ovate to suborbiculate, 4–15 × 3.5–14 cm, base truncate, rounded, or shallowly cordate, unlobed or dentate to shallowly, sharply or bluntly 3-lobed, margins coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with scattered, erect to curved prickles on moderate- to large-sized veins, densely white-hairy, moderately to densely long-stipitate-glandular along veins.

Inflorescences

terminal on short shoots, usually appearing axillary, 1(–3)-flowered.

terminal and axillary, 5–30-flowered, cymiform to racemiform.

Pedicels

prickles and, often, bristles moderate to dense, recurved, moderately to densely hairy, sparsely to moderately sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular.

usually unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, densely long-stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals white to pink, elliptic to obovate, 10–16(–25) mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries glabrous.

bisexual;

petals white to pink, ovate to suborbiculate, 4–6 mm;

filaments laminar;

ovaries glabrous.

Fruits

black, globose to ovoid, 1–1.5(–2) cm;

drupelets 10–50, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached.

red to maroon, globose, 1–1.5 cm;

drupelets 15–40, strongly coherent, separating from torus.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Rubus trivialis

Rubus phoenicolasius

Phenology Flowering Jan–Jun. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Open woodlands, savannas, prairies, meadows, sand dunes, disturbed areas, dry to seasonally wet soil Woodlands, roadsides, disturbed open areas, moist soil
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft) 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; BC; e Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rubus trivialis is distinguished from other species of Rubus by its frequently glandular-bristly and generally creeping stems, abundant recurved prickles, and typically persistent or semipersistent, lustrous primocane leaves with relatively narrow leaflets. Although emerging primocanes typically reach to 30 cm above the ground, vigorous plants can have new primocanes standing erect to 70 cm that later fall to the ground or onto adjacent vegetation as they continue to enlarge. L. H. Bailey (1941–1945) believed that there was no clear separation between members of sect. Persistentes Fernald (referred to by Bailey as sect. Verotriviales [illegitimate sectional name for R. trivialis and associated species]) and sect. Procumbentes (by Bailey as sect. Flagellares; including R. flagellaris and related species). All characteristics that he recognized for distinguishing sect. Persistentes from sect. Procumbentes are often present in the latter, with the exception of hispid-setose stems, and glabrous plants of R. trivialis are difficult to distinguish from some plants of R. flagellaris; to include the latter species within the former would be reasonable.

Rubus ×inferior L. H. Bailey is a putative hybrid of R. trivialis and R. cuneifolius.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rubus phoenicolasius was introduced to North America for edible fruit, breeding stock, and for ornament. Attractive for its typically reddish purple glandular hairs, R. phoenicolasius nonetheless can be invasive.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 54. FNA vol. 9, p. 51.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Synonyms R. agilis, R. continentalis, R. duplaris, R. ictus, R. lucidus, R. macvaughii, R. mirus, R. nessianus, R. riograndis, R. rubrisetus, R. sons, R. tallahasseanus
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 296. (1803) Maximowicz: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17: 160. (1872)
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