Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus phoenicolasius |
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salmon berry |
Japanese wineberry, wine raspberry, wineberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. | Shrubs, 10–20(–30) dm, armed. |
Stems | erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base); prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based. |
biennial, arching, sparsely to moderately hairy, long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect to hooked, slender, 2–8(–10) mm, slender-based; bristles dense, 2–6 mm, usually gland-tipped and reddish purple, glands ellipsoid to narrowly cup-shaped. |
Leaves | deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein. |
deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform, 5–12 mm; terminal leaflets broadly deltate or ovate to suborbiculate, 4–15 × 3.5–14 cm, base truncate, rounded, or shallowly cordate, unlobed or dentate to shallowly, sharply or bluntly 3-lobed, margins coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with scattered, erect to curved prickles on moderate- to large-sized veins, densely white-hairy, moderately to densely long-stipitate-glandular along veins. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered. |
terminal and axillary, 5–30-flowered, cymiform to racemiform. |
Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular. |
usually unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, densely long-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white to pink, ovate to suborbiculate, 4–6 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
Fruits | yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
red to maroon, globose, 1–1.5 cm; drupelets 15–40, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus phoenicolasius |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil | Woodlands, roadsides, disturbed open areas, moist soil |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; BC; e Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus phoenicolasius was introduced to North America for edible fruit, breeding stock, and for ornament. Attractive for its typically reddish purple glandular hairs, R. phoenicolasius nonetheless can be invasive. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 53. | FNA vol. 9, p. 51. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus | |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) | Maximowicz: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17: 160. (1872) |
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