Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus pensilvanicus |
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salmon berry |
Pennsylvania blackberry, ronce de pennsylvanie |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. | Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. |
Stems | erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base); prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based. |
biennial, erect to arching, glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely to moderately, rarely densely, sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect or slightly retrorse, stout, 4–10 mm, broad-based. |
Leaves | deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein. |
deciduous, palmately compound, not lustrous; stipules filiform to narrowly lanceolate, (3–)5–15(–20) mm; leaflets (3–)5(–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 5–15 × 3–13 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely singly or doubly serrate, apex acuminate to long-attenuate, abaxial surfaces green, usually with retrorse prickles on midveins, moderately hairy, eglandular or sparsely to moderately sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular along veins. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered. |
terminal on short shoots, usually appearing axillary, (2–)5–12(–16)-flowered, cymiform, racemiform, or thyrsiform. |
Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular. |
unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely to moderately sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white, usually obovate to elliptic, rarely suborbiculate, 8–40 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous. |
Fruits | yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
black, globose to cylindric, 1–2 cm; drupelets 10–100, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14, 21, 28, 35, 36, 42. |
Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus pensilvanicus |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil | Woodlands, savannas, prairies, fields, meadows, swamps, rock outcrops, sand dunes, sandy soil, disturbed areas, dry to wet soil |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | 0–1400 m (0–4600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
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AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC [Introduced in Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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Discussion | Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
As circumscribed here, Rubus pensilvanicus represents sect. Arguti (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey, in which Bailey (1941–1945) recognized 109 species. More strongly glandular plants of Rubus pensilvanicus may represent introgression with R. allegheniensis or other species, especially when exhibiting long-stipitate glands. Thyrsiform inflorescences are present in plants that have been called R. missouricus. There are reports (T. S. Mallah 1954; L. V. Clark and M. Jasieniuk 2012; B. Sutherland and L. A. Alice, unpubl.) of R. pensilvanicus hybridizing with R. ursinus. Rubus pensilvanicus is introduced in California, Idaho, and Washington. The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving Rubus pensilvanicus and: R. allegheniensis (R. ×avipes L. H. Bailey, R. ×floricomus Blanchard, R. ×orarius Blanchard); R. canadensis (R. ×amabilis Blanchard [not Focke], R. ×amicalis Blanchard, R. ×elegantulus Blanchard [=R. canadensis var. elegantulus (Blanchard) Farwell], R. ×multilicius L. H. Bailey, R. ×noveboracus L. H. Bailey, R. ×pergratus Blanchard [= R. canadensis var. pergratus (Blanchard) L. H. Bailey], R. ×crux Ashe); R. cuneifolius (R. ×acer L. H. Bailey, R. ×acer var. subacer L. H. Bailey, R. ×argutinus L. H. Bailey, R. ×floridensis L. H. Bailey); R. flagellaris (R. ×akermanii Fernald, R. ×darlingtonii L. H. Bailey, R. ×dissitiflorus Fernald, R. ×hypolasius Fernald, R. ×janssonii L. H. Bailey, R. ×largus L. H. Bailey, R. ×recurvicaulis Blanchard, R. rossbergianus Blanchard); R. setosus (R. ×wisconsinensis L. H. Bailey). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 53. | FNA vol. 9, p. 50. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus | R. abactus, R. ablatus, R. abundiflorus, R. amnicola, R. andrewsianus, R. argutus, R. arvensis, R. associus, R. barbarus, R. bellobatus, R. betulifolius, R. blakei, R. bractealis, R. brainerdii, R. burnhamii, R. bushii, R. cardianus, R. condensiflorus, R. congruus, R. cupressorum, R. defectionis, R. densipubens, R. densissimus, R. facetus, R. fatuus, R. floridus, R. frondosus, R. gnarus, R. heterophyllus, R. humilior, R. impar, R. independens, R. insons, R. insulanus, R. interioris, R. jennisonii, R. jugosus, R. kelloggii, R. latifoliolus, R. laudatus, R. leggii, R. libratus, R. louisianus, R. missouricus, R. mollior, R. multispinus, R. oklahomus, R. originalis, R. paludivagus, R. pauper, R. pauxillus, R. penetrans, R. perfoliosus, R. perpauper, R. persistens, R. philadelphicus, R. praepes, R. pratensis, R. prestonensis, R. pubifolius, R. recurvans, R. saepescandens, R. sativus, R. subsolanus, R. subtractus, R. suus, R. tygartensis, R. ucetanus, R. virilis, R. vixargutus, R. wahlii, R. wiegandii |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) | Poiret: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 6: 246. (1804) |
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