Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus nivalis |
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salmon berry |
dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. |
Stems | erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base); prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based. |
perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
Leaves | deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein. |
evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered. |
1–2-flowered. |
Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular. |
prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
Fruits | yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus nivalis |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
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CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 53. | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus | |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) |
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