Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus leucodermis |
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salmon berry |
black raspberry, blackcap, blackcap raspberry, dark raspberry, dwarf bramble, western black raspberry, white-bark raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. | Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. | ||||
Stems | erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base); prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based. |
biennial, ascending, often arching, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, eglandular or sparsely to densely short-stipitate-glandular, strongly pruinose; prickles moderate to dense, erect or curved, slender to stout, 4–8 mm, usually broad-based, sometimes narrow-based. |
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Leaves | deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein. |
deciduous, palmately compound or ternate; stipules filiform, 5–10 mm; petiole with hooked or erect prickles, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely to densely sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular; lateral leaflets stalked, at least 2 larger ones, often with prickles, glabrous, eglandular or stipitate-glandular; leaflets 3–5(–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 6–10 × 3–6 cm, base cordate to truncate, unlobed or shallowly 3-lobed, margins serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate, abaxial surface sometimes with prickles on midrib and some lateral veins, glabrous to strongly white-tomentose, usually eglandular. |
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Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered. |
axillary and terminal, (1–)3–10(–12)-flowered, flat-topped cymiform or umbelliform. |
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Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular. |
prickles sparse to dense, hooked or erect, puberulent, eglandular or sparsely to densely sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | bisexual; petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
bisexual; petals erect, then ascending, white, oblong to oblanceolate, 3–6(–8) mm; filaments laminar; ovaries pubescent, rarely glabrous. |
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Fruits | yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
reddish purple to nearly black, depressed globose to conic, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–60, coherent, separating from torus. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
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Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus leucodermis |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil | |||||
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
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AK; AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; n Mexico
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Discussion | Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Rubus leucodermis is similar to R. occidentalis, differing primarily by its leaflets having acuminate apices and lateral leaflets that are distinctly stalked. Prickles on the pedicels of R. occidentalis are erect; those of R. leucodermis tend to be hooked. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 53. | FNA vol. 9, p. 44. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus | R. occidentalis subsp. leucodermis | ||||
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) | Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 454. (1840) | ||||
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