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salmon berry

bristly blackberry, bristly dewberry, ronce hispide, swamp dewberry

Habit Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. Shrubs, sometimes herblike, to 2 dm, armed.
Stems

erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;

bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base);

prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based.

biennial, creeping, tip-rooting, flowering branches often erect, glabrous or sparsely hairy, sparsely to densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular, rarely eglandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse to dense, erect to retrorse, weak, slender, 1–3(–5) mm, narrow-based;

bristles sparse to dense, erect or retrorse, narrow, flexible and weak, not gland-tipped.

Leaves

deciduous, ternate;

stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm;

terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein.

persistent, ternate or, rarely, palmately compound, lustrous;

stipules linear to narrowly lanceolate, (2–)5–15(–20) mm;

leaflets 3(–5), terminal obovate to suborbiculate, 1.7–6.5 × 1–5.2 cm, base cuneate to rounded, unlobed, margins moderately to coarsely doubly serrate, apex acute to rounded, abaxial surfaces with bristles on midvein or unarmed, glabrous or sparsely hairy, sparsely to densely short-stipitate-glandular along largest veins.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered.

terminal on short shoots, usually appearing axillary, 1–7(–10)-flowered, racemiform.

Pedicels

unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular.

unarmed or bristles moderate to sometimes dense, erect to retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, sparsely to densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm;

filaments laminar;

ovaries glabrous.

bisexual;

petals white, obovate to oblanceolate, 6–10 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries glabrous.

Fruits

yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm;

drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus.

black, globose to cylindric, to 1 cm;

drupelets (5–)10–15(–20), strongly coherent, separating with torus attached.

2n

= 14.

= 14, 21, 28, 35, 56.

Rubus spectabilis

Rubus hispidus

Phenology Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. Flowering May–Jul(–Aug).
Habitat Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil Moist to wet woodlands, meadows, openings, bogs, fens, disturbed areas, wet to dry soil
Elevation 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rubus hispidus is identified mostly by its creeping primocanes with somewhat lustrous, coriaceous, and relatively small leaves that persist for nearly a year, and an armature of stiff hairs or, rarely, weak, slender prickles. Plants with few persistent leaves may be evidence of introgression with R. flagellaris or R. setosus. Hybrids with R. cuneifolius have been seen around abandoned commercial cranberry bogs in New Jersey (G. Moore, pers. obs.). The superficially similar R. caesius differs from R. hispidus in its pruinose stems, deciduous and non-lustrous leaves, and pruinose fruit.

Rubus hispidus is introduced in southwestern Washington State.

The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving Rubus hispidus and: R. canadensis (R. ×novanglicus L. H. Bailey); R. flagellaris (R. ×ambigens Fernald, R. ×distinctus L. H. Bailey, R. ×elongatus Brainerd & Peitersen [not R. elongatus Smith], R. ×emeritus L. H. Bailey, R. ×furtivus L. H. Bailey, R. ×kalamazoensis L. H. Bailey, R. ×permixtus Blanchard, R. ×rosendahlii L. H. Bailey, R. ×segnis L. H. Bailey, R. ×varus L. H. Bailey, R. ×vigoratus L. H. Bailey); R. setosus (R. ×adjacens Fernald, R. ×grandidens L. H. Bailey, R. ×harmonicus L. H. Bailey, R. ×jacens Blanchard, R. ×parlinii L. H. Bailey, R. ×spiculosus Fernald, R. ×tardatus Blanchard, R. ×tholiformis Fernald, R. ×trifrons Blanchard, R. ×zaplutus L. H. Bailey).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 53. FNA vol. 9, p. 41.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Synonyms R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus R. blanchardianus, R. compos, R. cubitans, R. davisiorum, R. fassettii, R. hispidus var. blanchardianus, R. hispidus var. cupulifer, R. hispidus var. obovalis, R. huttonii, R. paganus, R. pervarius, R. plus, R. porteri, R. provincialis, R. pudens, R. rowleei, R. signatus, R. trifrons var. pudens, R. vagulus, R. vigil
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 493. (1753)
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