Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus chamaemorus |
|
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salmon berry |
baked-apple-berry, chicouté, cloudberry, plaquebière |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. | Herbs, (0.5–)1–2.5(–3) dm, unarmed. |
Stems | erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base); prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based. |
from rhizomes, erect, rarely woody basally, sparsely hairy, sparsely stipitate-glandular distally, not pruinose. |
Leaves | deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein. |
deciduous, simple; stipules broadly ovate to oblong, 3–6 mm; blade reniform or orbiculate, 2.5–6 × (3–)5–8(–12) cm, base cordate, 3–7-lobed, lobe apices rounded, margins finely doubly serrate or dentate, abaxial surfaces sparsely hairy, sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular along veins. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered. |
1-flowered. |
Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular. |
pubescent, sparsely to densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
unisexual; petals white, obovate, (8–)10–15(–18) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous, styles filiform, glabrous. |
Fruits | yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
golden yellow to orange or reddish, globose, 1.2–1.5 cm; drupelets (5–)10–20, moderately coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14. |
= 56. |
Rubus spectabilis |
Rubus chamaemorus |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil | Bogs, muskeg, wet meadows, mossy woods, boreal forests, peaty tundra, lichen peat polygons, exposed sandy areas, lakesides, gravelly stream beds, rock outcrops |
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | 0–1300 m (0–4300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
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AK; ME; MN; NH; NY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion | Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus chamaemorus is circumboreal; it is presumed to be extirpated from New York, where it was known only from a single population on Long Island, far removed from the next southernmost localities in northern New Hampshire. Rubus chamaemorus is defined by its unarmed stems, simple, coriaceous, and plicate leaves, unisexual flowers, and golden yellow to reddish fruits. Rubus chamaemorus is likely an ancient allopolyploid (K. V. Ambrose 2006). The edible fruits of Rubus chamaemorus are highly valued in northern regions for consumption fresh and in yogurt, jams, syrups, and juices. An alcoholic beverage is made from the fruits and sold commercially in Newfoundland, Quebec, and Finland. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 53. | FNA vol. 9, p. 38. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus | Chamaemorus anglica, C. norwegica |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) |
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