Rubus spectabilis
Rubus canadensis
salmon berry
Canadian or smooth highbush blackberry, ronce du Canada, smooth blackberry
erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;
bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base);
prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based.
biennial, arching, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;
prickles absent or sparse, erect or slightly retrorse, slender, 2–5 mm, narrow- to broad-based.
deciduous, ternate;
stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm;
terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein.
deciduous, usually palmately compound, lustrous;
stipules filiform to narrowly lanceolate, (5–)8–15(–22) mm;
leaflets (3–)5, terminal ovate to elliptic, (3–)7–9(–11) × (3–)4–5(–6) cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acuminate to attenuate, abaxial surfaces sometimes with hooked prickles on midvein, glabrous or puberulent, eglandular.
terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered.
terminal on short shoots, sometimes appearing axillary, (5–)15–25-flowered, racemiform.
unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular.
usually unarmed, hairy, eglandular or sparsely sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular.
bisexual;
petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm;
filaments laminar;
ovaries glabrous.
bisexual;
petals white, obovate to elliptic, 8–22 mm;
filaments filiform;
ovaries glabrous.
yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm;
drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus.
black, globose to short-cylindric, 1–2 cm;
drupelets 10–75, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached.
= 14.
= 14, 21.
Rubus spectabilis
Rubus canadensis
Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Rubus canadensis has a wide range and is the most northerly of all the highbush blackberries. The species is morphologically similar to R. allegheniensis except that the plants have little armature, are not as hairy, and have no glands. It also has characteristically lustrous leaves. The open and edge habitats in which it grows can greatly influence the phenotype, as with most highbush blackberries. At higher elevations or in poorer soil conditions, the plants are smaller; when partially shaded, leaves of primocanes may be larger. Leaves of floricanes vary in size and shape and are unreliable for identification. Because of the variation, multiple names have been erected, especially locally; it is felt that a stricter approach to defining it is prudent. Some of the names traditionally associated with sect. Canadenses (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey are here associated with other Rubus species or are considered to refer to putative hybrids.
The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving Rubus canadensis and: R. allegheniensis (R. ×forestalis L. H. Bailey, R. ×immanis Ashe); R. flagellaris (R. ×lepagei L. H. Bailey, R. ×rixosus L. H. Bailey); R. hispidus (R. ×novanglicus L. H. Bailey); R. pensilvanicus (R. ×amabilis Blanchard [not Focke], R. ×amicalis Blanchard, R. ×elegantulus Blanchard [= R. canadensis var. elegantulus (Blanchard) Farwell], R. ×multilicius L. H. Bailey, R. ×noveboracus L. H. Bailey, R. ×pergratus Blanchard [= R. canadensis var. pergratus (Blanchard) L. H. Bailey], R. ×crux Ashe); R. setosus (R. ×miscix L. H. Bailey [based on R. ×peculiaris Blanchard (not R. peculiaris Sampaio)]).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. 
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USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
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