Rubus pubescens |
Rubus laciniatus |
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dwarf raspberry, dwarf red blackberry, dwarf red blackberry or raspberry or red raspberry, dwarf red blackberry raspberry, dwarf red raspberry, five-leaf bramble, red raspberry, ronce pubescente, trailing raspberry |
cut-leaf blackberry, cutleaf evergreen blackberry, evergreen blackberry |
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Habit | Herbs, to 0.4 dm, unarmed. | Shrubs, 1–20 dm, armed. |
Stems | creeping, flowering branches erect, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy, eglandular, not pruinose. |
biennial, arching, sometimes creeping, glabrate to moderately hairy, sparsely to densely sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not or weakly pruinose; prickles moderately dense to dense, suberect to retrorse or hooked, stout, 2–8 mm, broad-based. |
Leaves | deciduous, usually ternate, sometimes pedately 5-foliate; stipules lance-ovate to oblanceolate, (5–)8–12(–20) mm; leaflets 3(–5), petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–7 mm, terminal rhombic to obovate, (2–)4–8(–10) × 2–4(–6) cm, base cuneate, unlobed or 2-lobed, margins deeply serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular. |
evergreen to late-deciduous, ternate or palmately compound; stipules filiform, 5–15 mm; leaflets 3–5, terminal ovate to elliptic, 6–12 × 7–12 cm, base rounded to cordate, usually deeply, rarely shallowly, lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate to short-attenuate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles primarily on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular or moderately sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular primarily on midvein. |
Inflorescences | 1–3-flowered, sometimes umbelliform. |
terminal, 5–25-flowered, thyrsiform. |
Pedicels | moderately to densely long-hairy, eglandular to densely stipitate-glandular. |
prickles moderate to dense, erect to reflexed, densely hairy, moderately to densely sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals white to pink, oblanceolate to obovate, (4–)6–8(–10) mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous, styles glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white to pink, elliptic to obovate, 8–15 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries usually apically hairy. |
Fruits | red, globose to conical, 0.5–1.4 cm diam., drupelets (5–)10–25, loosely coherent, falling separately or as a unit with torus attached. |
black, globose to subcylindric, 1–1.5 cm; drupelets 25–60, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Rubus pubescens |
Rubus laciniatus |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Swamps, bogs, fens, stream banks, moist woods, bluffs, gravel sites, sandy soil | Woodland edges, semiopen woods, rocky and/or moist soil, open areas, often disturbed, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–2200 m (0–7200 ft) | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM
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CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; MT; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WV; WY; BC; ON; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Rubus pubescens is recognized by its creeping, unarmed stems, oblanceolate to lance-ovate stipules, relatively small flowers, and white to pink petals. It hybridizes with R. arcticus subsp. acaulis in areas of sympatry, and the hybrids are referable to R. ×paracaulis L. H. Bailey [= R. pubescens var. paracaulis (L. H. Bailey) B. Boivin]. The hybrids are similar to R. arcticus subsp. acaulis in having more obovate, rounded leaflets, and larger, pink to magenta petals; they are larger, creeping, and have hairy and stipitate-glandular pedicels and sepals like R. pubescens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus laciniatus is the only blackberry in the flora area that has leaflets so deeply lobed and dissected or has 3-lobed petals. Rare individuals bearing relatively unlobed leaflets and perianth parts may be part of the natural variation of this species or be hybrids with some other species. Putative natural hybrids have been reported with R. bifrons (as R. procerus; R. K. Bammi and H. P. Olmo 1966). Such unusual plants of R. laciniatus would be distinguished from the native blackberries by their thyrsiform and notably stipitate-glandular inflorescences and evergreen to late-deciduous leaves. Although widely introduced in the flora area, Rubus laciniatus is a less aggressive weed than R. bifrons. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 51. | FNA vol. 9, p. 43. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. saxatilis var. canadensis, R. pubescens var. pilosifolius | |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Med. Repos., hexade 3, 2: 333. (1811) | Willdenow: Hort. Berol. 2: plate 82. (1806) |
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