Rubus odoratus |
Rubus vestitus |
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flowering raspberry, purple flowering raspberry, ronce odorante |
European blackberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–20 dm, unarmed. | Shrubs, 10–20 dm, armed. |
Stems | erect, sparsely to moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple, not pruinose. |
biennial, arching, usually densely, sometimes moderately, hairy, usually eglandular, sometimes sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles moderate to dense, recurved to erect, slender, 3–10 mm, broad-based. |
Leaves | deciduous, simple; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 5–15 mm; blade subrotund to reniform, 9–20(–30) × (10–)15–25(–30) cm, base cordate, palmately, ± deeply, (3–)5-lobed, margins finely, irregularly serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple. |
deciduous or ± persistent, palmately compound; stipules filiform to linear, 5–15 mm; leaflets 3–5, terminal usually suborbiculate to orbiculate, sometimes broadly elliptic, 4–9 × 4–8 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins moderately to coarsely serrate, apex acute to cuspidate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midvein, densely white-gray to gray-green tomentose, eglandular or obscurely short-stipitate- to sessile-glandular along midveins. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 4–7(–22)-flowered, cymiform to thyrsiform. |
terminal, 7–35-flowered, cymiform or thyrsiform. |
Pedicels | pubescent, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple. |
prickles moderate to dense, recurved to erect, densely hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals usually magenta, rarely white, broadly obovate to suborbiculate, (12–)17–25(–30) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries distally densely hairy, styles clavate, glabrous. |
bisexual; petals pink to magenta, elliptic to suborbiculate, 6–12(–15) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries apically hairy. |
Fruits | pale to dark red, hemispheric, 0.7–1.5 cm; drupelets 30–60, coherent, separating from torus. |
black, globose, 1–1.5 cm; drupelets 15–40, coherent, separating with torus attached. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Rubus odoratus |
Rubus vestitus |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Moist shady sites in deciduous forests, margins of woods, rocky slopes, wooded talus, stream banks, roadsides | Woodland edges, open areas, disturbed areas, in moist soil |
Elevation | 10–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
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OR; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Rubus odoratus is introduced in Washington State. The species is distinguished from other flowering raspberries by its erect, unarmed stems, simple leaves, large flowers, magenta petals, glabrous, clavate styles, and purple stipitate glands densely covering most plant parts. A hybrid with R. nutkanus (R. ×fraseri Rehder) is thought to occur in areas of overlap in northern Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2). The Cherokee used leaf infusions for labor pains and the Iroquois used plant infusions for miscarriage (P. Bergner 1997). Rubus odoratus is grown as an ornamental for its relatively large flowers and magenta petals and its edible fruits that are somewhat dry and insipid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus vestitus can be distinguished, especially from the closely related R. bifrons and R. ulmifolius, by its long-stipitate-glandular hairs, particularly in the inflorescence, and terminal primocane leaflets that are typically suborbiculate and abaxially densely tomentose. Rubus allegheniensis can possess similar glandular hairs; it does not have pink petals, thyrsiform inflorescences, and rounded and abaxially densely tomentose, often whitened terminal leaflets. Rubus vestitus has not yet been found in Washington, but it is likely there. Because of the overall similarity of R. vestitus to R. bifrons, it is possible that this potentially weedy species is widespread, but rare and possibly overlooked, occurring as far south as California. In Oregon, R. vestitus prefers shady habitats (B. Wilson, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 47. | FNA vol. 9, p. 56. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Rubacer odoratum, R. odoratus var. albidus, R. odoratus var. columbianus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) | Weihe & Nees: in M. J. Bluff et al., Comp. Fl. German. 1: 684. (1825) |
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