Rubus odoratus |
Rubus spectabilis |
|
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flowering raspberry, purple flowering raspberry, ronce odorante |
salmon berry |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 10–20 dm, unarmed. | Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. |
Stems | erect, sparsely to moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple, not pruinose. |
erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base); prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based. |
Leaves | deciduous, simple; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 5–15 mm; blade subrotund to reniform, 9–20(–30) × (10–)15–25(–30) cm, base cordate, palmately, ± deeply, (3–)5-lobed, margins finely, irregularly serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple. |
deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 4–7(–22)-flowered, cymiform to thyrsiform. |
terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered. |
Pedicels | pubescent, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple. |
unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals usually magenta, rarely white, broadly obovate to suborbiculate, (12–)17–25(–30) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries distally densely hairy, styles clavate, glabrous. |
bisexual; petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
Fruits | pale to dark red, hemispheric, 0.7–1.5 cm; drupelets 30–60, coherent, separating from torus. |
yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Rubus odoratus |
Rubus spectabilis |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist shady sites in deciduous forests, margins of woods, rocky slopes, wooded talus, stream banks, roadsides | Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil |
Elevation | 10–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
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AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
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Discussion | Rubus odoratus is introduced in Washington State. The species is distinguished from other flowering raspberries by its erect, unarmed stems, simple leaves, large flowers, magenta petals, glabrous, clavate styles, and purple stipitate glands densely covering most plant parts. A hybrid with R. nutkanus (R. ×fraseri Rehder) is thought to occur in areas of overlap in northern Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2). The Cherokee used leaf infusions for labor pains and the Iroquois used plant infusions for miscarriage (P. Bergner 1997). Rubus odoratus is grown as an ornamental for its relatively large flowers and magenta petals and its edible fruits that are somewhat dry and insipid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 47. | FNA vol. 9, p. 53. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Rubacer odoratum, R. odoratus var. albidus, R. odoratus var. columbianus | R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) |
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