Rubus odoratus |
Rubus idaeus |
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flowering raspberry, purple flowering raspberry, ronce odorante |
American red raspberry, common red raspberry, framboisier, nagoonberry, North American red raspberry, red raspberry, western red raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–20 dm, unarmed. | Shrubs, 5–25 dm, armed or unarmed. | ||||
Stems | erect, sparsely to moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple, not pruinose. |
biennial, erect, glabrescent, eglandular or stipitate-glandular, strongly pruinose; prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, weak, 1–4 mm, broad-based; bristles present or absent. |
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Leaves | deciduous, simple; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 5–15 mm; blade subrotund to reniform, 9–20(–30) × (10–)15–25(–30) cm, base cordate, palmately, ± deeply, (3–)5-lobed, margins finely, irregularly serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple. |
deciduous, pinnately compound; stipules filiform, 5–10 mm; petiole unarmed or with prickles, strigose or glabrous, glandular or eglandular; terminal leaflets petiolulate, lateral sessile or subsessile; leaflets 3–5(–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 7–15 × 4–11 cm, base rounded to cordate, unlobed or 2-lobed, margins serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to attenuate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with prickles, strongly white-tomentose, eglandular or glandular. |
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Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, 4–7(–22)-flowered, cymiform to thyrsiform. |
terminal and axillary, (1–)3–7(–20)-flowered, racemiform. |
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Pedicels | pubescent, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands dark purple. |
unarmed or prickles sparse, hooked, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, stipitate-glandular or eglandular. |
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Flowers | bisexual; petals usually magenta, rarely white, broadly obovate to suborbiculate, (12–)17–25(–30) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries distally densely hairy, styles clavate, glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white to greenish white, spatulate to obovate, 5–10 mm; filaments filiform or slightly dilated basally; ovaries pubescent. |
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Fruits | pale to dark red, hemispheric, 0.7–1.5 cm; drupelets 30–60, coherent, separating from torus. |
usually red to whitish, rarely amber, globose to conic, 0.5–2 cm; drupelets 10–60, coherent, separating from torus. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Rubus odoratus |
Rubus idaeus |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Moist shady sites in deciduous forests, margins of woods, rocky slopes, wooded talus, stream banks, roadsides | |||||
Elevation | 10–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
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AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; Eurasia; Africa
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Discussion | Rubus odoratus is introduced in Washington State. The species is distinguished from other flowering raspberries by its erect, unarmed stems, simple leaves, large flowers, magenta petals, glabrous, clavate styles, and purple stipitate glands densely covering most plant parts. A hybrid with R. nutkanus (R. ×fraseri Rehder) is thought to occur in areas of overlap in northern Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2). The Cherokee used leaf infusions for labor pains and the Iroquois used plant infusions for miscarriage (P. Bergner 1997). Rubus odoratus is grown as an ornamental for its relatively large flowers and magenta petals and its edible fruits that are somewhat dry and insipid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Rubus idaeus is the source of most of the cultivated red and amber raspberries. Plants were used by the Cherokee, Cree, and others as a parturient; an infusion of dried leaves in water was used to prepare the uterus for childbirth and help women recover after childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1998; D. Hoffman 2003). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 47. | FNA vol. 9, p. 42. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Rubacer odoratum, R. odoratus var. albidus, R. odoratus var. columbianus | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 492. (1753) | ||||
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