Rubus nivalis |
Rubus saxatilis |
|
---|---|---|
dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
stone bramble |
|
Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Herbs or subshrubs, to 4 dm, armed or unarmed. |
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
usually creeping, ± woody basally, sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles absent or sparse, erect, weak, 1–3 mm, narrow-based. |
Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
deciduous, ternate; stipules free from petioles, lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 6–11 mm; petiole 2–11 cm; petiolule of terminal leaflet 8–20 mm; lateral leaflet sessile or subsessile; terminal leaflets ovate to elliptic, 4–8 × 3–7 cm, base tapered, unlobed, lateral leaflets sometimes shallowly lobed, margins coarsely doubly serrate, apex acute, abaxial surfaces unarmed, sparsely hairy, eglandular. |
Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
axillary, 1–6-flowered, cymiform or umbelliform. |
Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
unarmed or prickles weak, erect, hairy, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
bisexual; petals greenish white, narrowly obovate, 5.5–7 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
red, globose, 0.5–1.5 cm; drupelets 1–10, not or weakly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Rubus nivalis |
Rubus saxatilis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | Birch scrub, talus slopes |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 1300–2100 m (4300–6900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
|
Greenland; Eurasia |
Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus saxatilis is defined by its creeping, unarmed or weakly armed stems, ternate leaves, and relatively small white petals. It has very weak prickles that detach easily, sometimes giving plants an unarmed appearance. The species is known in the flora area from only two sites in southern Greenland (T. W. Böcher 1938; D. B. Jensen and K. D. Christensen 2003). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 52. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) |
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