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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry

dalibarde rampante, false violet, robin runaway

Habit Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. Herbs, 0.5–1 dm, unarmed.
Stems

perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based.

creeping, moderately appressed-hairy, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular, not pruinose.

Leaves

evergreen, simple or ternate;

stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm;

blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh.

deciduous, simple;

stipules lanceolate-laciniate, (2–)3–5(–8) mm;

blade ovate-orbiculate, 1.5–2.7(–3) × 1.5–3.5(–4) cm, base deeply cordate, unlobed, margins crenate to broadly dentate, apex rounded, abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, sparsely to moderately short-stipitate-glandular.

Inflorescences

1–2-flowered.

1-flowered.

Pedicels

prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular.

moderately and retrorsely long-hairy, eglandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous.

bisexual;

petals absent in fertile flowers, present in sterile flowers, white, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–8 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries densely hairy, styles glabrous.

Fruits

red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm;

drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus.

whitish, 0.3–0.5 cm, dry;

drupelets 5–10(–15), not coherent, separating from torus, enclosed by converging sepals.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Rubus nivalis

Rubus repens

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas Moist woods, swamps
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
Discussion

Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008).

The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936).

The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rubus repens is recognized by its creeping, unarmed stems, simple, ovate-orbiculate leaves, long petioles with spreading hairs, sterile petaliferous flowers on long pedicels and fertile apetalous flowers on short pedicels, and essentially dry fruits. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data supports inclusion of D. repens in Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999), among other basal species to R. lasiococcus (K. V. Ambrose 2006).

The Iroquois use a decoction of powdered plants of Rubus repens as a blood purifier and for venereal disease (J. W. Herrick 1977).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 45. FNA vol. 9, p. 51.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Synonyms Dalibarda repens
Name authority Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) (Linnaeus) Kuntze: Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 223. (1891)
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