Rubus nivalis |
Rubus repens |
|
---|---|---|
dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
dalibarde rampante, false violet, robin runaway |
|
Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Herbs, 0.5–1 dm, unarmed. |
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
creeping, moderately appressed-hairy, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular, not pruinose. |
Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
deciduous, simple; stipules lanceolate-laciniate, (2–)3–5(–8) mm; blade ovate-orbiculate, 1.5–2.7(–3) × 1.5–3.5(–4) cm, base deeply cordate, unlobed, margins crenate to broadly dentate, apex rounded, abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, sparsely to moderately short-stipitate-glandular. |
Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
1-flowered. |
Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
moderately and retrorsely long-hairy, eglandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
bisexual; petals absent in fertile flowers, present in sterile flowers, white, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–8 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries densely hairy, styles glabrous. |
Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
whitish, 0.3–0.5 cm, dry; drupelets 5–10(–15), not coherent, separating from torus, enclosed by converging sepals. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Rubus nivalis |
Rubus repens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | Moist woods, swamps |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
|
CT; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC |
Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus repens is recognized by its creeping, unarmed stems, simple, ovate-orbiculate leaves, long petioles with spreading hairs, sterile petaliferous flowers on long pedicels and fertile apetalous flowers on short pedicels, and essentially dry fruits. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data supports inclusion of D. repens in Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999), among other basal species to R. lasiococcus (K. V. Ambrose 2006). The Iroquois use a decoction of powdered plants of Rubus repens as a blood purifier and for venereal disease (J. W. Herrick 1977). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 51. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dalibarda repens | |
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | (Linnaeus) Kuntze: Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 223. (1891) |
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