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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry

creeping raspberry, five leaf dwarf bramble, five-leaf bramble, strawberry bramble, strawberry dwarf bramble, strawberry-leaf raspberry

Habit Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. Herbs, to 1 dm, unarmed.
Stems

perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based.

creeping, flowering branches erect, sparsely hairy, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular, not pruinose.

Leaves

evergreen, simple or ternate;

stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm;

blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh.

deciduous, pedately compound;

stipules broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 2–3 mm;

leaflets 3 (often appearing as if 5), lateral leaflets deeply lobed, sinuses nearly to leaflet base, terminal obovate to obovate-rhombic, (1–)1.5–2.5(–3.4) × (0.8–)1.2–2(–2.5) cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely singly or doubly serrate, apex rounded to obtuse, abaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy on midvein, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular.

Inflorescences

1–2-flowered.

1-flowered.

Pedicels

prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular.

sparsely hairy, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous.

bisexual;

petals white, oblong to narrowly obovate, 6–10 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries glabrous, styles glabrous.

Fruits

red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm;

drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus.

red, 0.6–1 cm;

drupelets 3–6, weakly coherent, separating from torus.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Rubus nivalis

Rubus pedatus

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas Coniferous woods, forest edges, glades, meadows, bogs, stream banks, streambeds, roadsides
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) 20–2300 m (100–7500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC; YT; ne Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008).

The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936).

The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rubus pedatus is recognized by its creeping, unarmed stems, pedately 3–5-foliate leaves, relatively small flowers, white petals, and glabrous ovaries.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 45. FNA vol. 9, p. 49.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Name authority Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) Smith: Pl. Icon. Ined. 3: plate 63. (1791)
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