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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry

Australian raspberry or bramble, Japanese bramble, Japanese raspberry

Habit Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. Shrubs, 1–3 dm, armed.
Stems

perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based.

biennial, low-mounding to creeping, sparsely to moderately hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse to moderate, slightly to strongly hooked, weak to stout, 0.8–1.5(–2) mm, broad-based.

Leaves

evergreen, simple or ternate;

stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm;

blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh.

deciduous, ternate or pinnately compound;

stipules filiform to linear, (4–)6–11 mm;

leaflets 3(–5), terminal broadly ovate-rhombic to obovate, (2–)3–5(–9) × 2.2–5(–7.5) cm, base cuneate to obtuse, slightly 3-lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with slightly to strongly hooked prickles on veins, densely whitish-tomentose, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular.

Inflorescences

1–2-flowered.

terminal and axillary, 2–20-flowered, cymiform to thyrsiform.

Pedicels

prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular.

prickles moderate, slightly to strongly hooked, moderately hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous.

bisexual;

petals pinkish to magenta, oblanceolate to obovate, 4–7 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries moderately to densely hairy, styles glabrous.

Fruits

red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm;

drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus.

red, round, 0.6–0.9 cm;

drupelets 10–50, strongly coherent, separating from torus.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Rubus nivalis

Rubus parvifolius

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas Disturbed sites
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) 0–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
DE; IA; IL; MA; MO; NE; NJ; OH; VA; e Asia; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008).

The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936).

The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rubus parvifolius is distinguished from other raspberries by its broadly ovate-rhombic to obovate leaflets and relatively small flowers with pinkish to magenta petals. This species has the potential to become a very significant weed (P. M. Drobney and M. P. Widrlechner 2012).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 45. FNA vol. 9, p. 48.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Synonyms R. triphyllus
Name authority Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1197. (1753)
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