Rubus nivalis |
Rubus illecebrosus |
|
---|---|---|
dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
strawberry raspberry |
|
Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Shrubs, 5–10(–15) dm, armed. |
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
annual, arching to mounding, glabrous, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, slightly hooked, stout, 3–4 mm, broad-based. |
Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
deciduous, pinnately compound; stipules lanceolate to oblanceolate, 8–13 mm; leaflets (3–)5–7, terminal lanceolate to narrowly ovate, (5.5–)6.2–8.5(–9.7) × (1.8–)2.2–3(–4.2) cm, base usually rounded, sometimes truncate to subcordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely doubly serrate, apex acuminate, abaxial surfaces with prickles on midvein, glabrous, eglandular. |
Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
solitary flowers or 2–3-flowered clusters. |
Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
prickles sparse, slightly hooked, glabrous, eglandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white, broadly obovate to suborbiculate, 12–15(–18) mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous, styles glabrous. |
Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
red, oblong, 1.4–2 cm; drupelets 50–100, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Rubus nivalis |
Rubus illecebrosus |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | Disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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CT; KY; MA; ME; MN; NC; NY; OR; PA; VA; WV; NS; ON; e Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Colombia, Paraguay, Venezuela)] |
Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus illecebrosus is distinguished from other raspberries by its prickly, glabrous, eglandular stems, pinnately compound leaves with typically seven lanceolate to narrowly ovate leaflets, relatively large flowers, white petals, and 50–100 drupelets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 43. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | Focke: Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 16: 278. (1899) |
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