Rubus nivalis |
Rubus glaucifolius |
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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
Cuyamaca raspberry, San Diego raspberry, wax leaf raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Shrubs, to 3 dm, weakly armed. |
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
biennial, creeping, glabrous, eglandular, strongly pruinose; prickles sparse, erect or slightly curved, weak, slender, 2–3 mm, narrow-based. |
Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm; terminal leaflets ovate to elliptic, 4–8 × 3–7 cm, base tapered or subcordate, often 2-lobed, margins coarsely dentate, apex acute to rounded, abaxial surfaces unarmed, densely white-tomentose, eglandular. |
Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
terminal and axillary, (1–)2–4(–10)-flowered, cymiform. |
Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
unarmed, finely hairy, stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
bisexual; petals white, oblong to oblanceolate, 4–8 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries white-tomentose. |
Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
reddish purple, hemispheric to conic, 0.4–1 cm diam.; drupelets 10–40, coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14. |
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Rubus nivalis |
Rubus glaucifolius |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | Semiopen montane forests |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | 800–2100 m (2600–6900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus glaucifolius is found in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath mountains as well as the Peninsular and northern Coastal ranges in California, and in adjacent Oregon only in Jackson County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 41. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. ganderi, R. glaucifolius subsp. ganderi, R. glaucifolius var. ganderi, R. leucodermis var. glaucifolius | |
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(ed. 2): 70. (1873) |
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