Rubus nivalis |
Rubus arcticus |
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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
arctic blackberry, arctic raspberry, dwarf nagoonberry, nagoonberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Herbs, 0.5–3 dm, unarmed. | ||||||||
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
erect, thin, weak, ± woody basally, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, not pruinose. |
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Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
deciduous, simple and usually 3-lobed or ternate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 4–8 mm; blade margins dentate, serrate, or doubly serrate, abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately pubescent, eglandular. |
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Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
axillary, 1–3-flowered. |
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Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
glabrous or sparsely to moderately pubescent, eglandular or stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
bisexual; petals pink to rose or magenta, obovate to oblanceolate, 8–25 mm; outer filaments dilated basally, inner filiform; ovaries glabrous or sparsely hairy, styles filiform. |
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Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
reddish to dark purple, globose, to 1 cm diam., rarely larger; drupelets (10–)15–30, weakly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Rubus nivalis |
Rubus arcticus |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |||||||||
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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AK; CO; ME; MI; MN; MT; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia
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Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 35. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) | ||||||||
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