Rubus nivalis |
Rosaceae tribe Rubeae |
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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, perennial; armed or unarmed. |
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
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Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
alternate, imparipinnately or palmately compound or simple; stipules persistent [deciduous], free or adnate to petiole; venation pinnate or palmate. |
Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
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Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
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Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
perianth and androecium perigynous; epicalyx bractlets absent; hypanthium flat to hemispheric; torus flat or convex to conic; carpels 5–150, styles apical, distinct; ovules 2, apical, collateral, only 1 maturing. |
Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
aggregated drupelets; styles persistent, not elongate. |
2n | = 14. |
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Rubus nivalis |
Rosaceae tribe Rubeae |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Eurasia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced nearly worldwide] |
Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genus 1, species 250–700 (37 in the flora). The base chromosome number for Rubeae is x = 7. The tribe is host to Phragmidium rusts. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 27. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | Dumortier: Anal. Fam. Pl., 39. (1829) |
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