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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry

Habit Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, perennial; armed or unarmed.
Stems

perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose;

prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based.

Leaves

evergreen, simple or ternate;

stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm;

blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh.

alternate, imparipinnately or palmately compound or simple;

stipules persistent [deciduous], free or adnate to petiole;

venation pinnate or palmate.

Inflorescences

1–2-flowered.

Pedicels

prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous.

perianth and androecium perigynous;

epicalyx bractlets absent;

hypanthium flat to hemispheric;

torus flat or convex to conic;

carpels 5–150, styles apical, distinct;

ovules 2, apical, collateral, only 1 maturing.

Fruits

red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm;

drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus.

aggregated drupelets;

styles persistent, not elongate.

2n

= 14.

Rubus nivalis

Rosaceae tribe Rubeae

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas
Elevation 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Eurasia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced nearly worldwide]
Discussion

Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008).

The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936).

The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genus 1, species 250–700 (37 in the flora).

The base chromosome number for Rubeae is x = 7. The tribe is host to Phragmidium rusts.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 45. FNA vol. 9, p. 27. Author: Luc Brouillet.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
Subordinate taxa
Name authority Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) Dumortier: Anal. Fam. Pl., 39. (1829)
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