Rubus nivalis |
Rosaceae subfam. rosoideae |
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dwarf snow bramble, snow bramble, snow dewberry, snow dwarf bramble, snow raspberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. | Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs. |
Stems | perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, eglandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse, strongly retrorse, stout, to 1 mm, broad-based. |
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Leaves | evergreen, simple or ternate; stipules adnate to petioles, broadly elliptic to ovate, (6–)8–10 mm; blade ovate to cordate, (2.5–)3–5(–8) cm, lobe or leaflet base cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, margins coarsely, singly or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces with prickles along midveins, glabrous or sparsely hairy, eglandular, both surfaces lustrous fresh. |
alternate, rarely opposite, pinnately compound, sometimes simple or palmately compound; stipules present, rarely absent. |
Inflorescences | 1–2-flowered. |
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Pedicels | prickles scattered, retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular. |
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Flowers | bisexual; petals magenta to pink, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, (5–)8–10 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries moderately hairy, styles glabrous. |
torus usually enlarged, sometimes small or absent; carpels 1–260(–450), distinct, free, styles distinct, rarely connate (Roseae); ovules 1(or 2), collateral (Rubeae) or superposed (Fallugia, Filipendula). |
Fruits | red, hemispheric, 0.4–1 cm; drupelets 3–10, not coherent, separating from torus. |
achenes or aggregated achenes sometimes with fleshy, urn-shaped hypanthium or enlarged torus, sometimes aggregated drupelets; styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate but not plumose in Geum). |
x | = 7(8). |
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2n | = 14. |
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Rubus nivalis |
Rosaceae subfam. rosoideae |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |
Habitat | Moist, semishaded forests, glades, moist soil, logged areas | |
Elevation | 0–1700 m (0–5600 ft) | |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
Discussion | Rubus nivalis is recognized by its creeping, prickly stems, simple to ternate, evergreen leaves, broadly elliptic to ovate stipules, two leaflets, relatively small flowers, and magenta to pink petals. Its closest relative is likely the Mexican R. pumilus Focke. Asian species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be sister to all blackberries of subg. Rubus (L. A. Alice and C. S. Campbell 1999; Alice et al. 2008). The fruits of Rubus nivalis are eaten fresh, stewed, and canned by the Hoh and Quileute Indians (A. B. Reagan 1936). The only known specimen of Rubus nivalis from California was collected in 1961 from Del Norte County at 1250 m near the Oregon border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variation in the number of genera in subfam. Rosoideae is due to differences in generic delimitation between D. Potter et al. (2007) and the authors of some Potentilleae genera. Cyanogenic glycosides and sorbitol are absent in the subfamily. Tribes 6, genera 28–35, species ca. 1600 (6 tribes, 26 genera, 302 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora) (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 45. | FNA vol. 9, p. 23. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 181. (1832) | Arnott: Botany, 107. (1832) |
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