Rubus allegheniensis |
Rubus vestitus |
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alleghaney blackberry, Alleghany blackberry, Allegheny blackberry, common blackberry, prairie rose, ronce des alléghanys, sow-teat berry |
European blackberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. | Shrubs, 10–20 dm, armed. |
Stems | biennial, erect-arching, sparsely to densely hairy, sparsely to abundantly stipitate-glandular, glands usually flattened to cupulate, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect or slightly retrorse, stout, 4–10 mm, broad-based. |
biennial, arching, usually densely, sometimes moderately, hairy, usually eglandular, sometimes sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles moderate to dense, recurved to erect, slender, 3–10 mm, broad-based. |
Leaves | deciduous, palmately compound, not lustrous; stipules filiform to narrowly lanceolate, (2–)5–15(–20) mm; leaflets (3–)5(–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 7–16 × 4–9 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acuminate to long-attenuate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midveins, moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular on veins. |
deciduous or ± persistent, palmately compound; stipules filiform to linear, 5–15 mm; leaflets 3–5, terminal usually suborbiculate to orbiculate, sometimes broadly elliptic, 4–9 × 4–8 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins moderately to coarsely serrate, apex acute to cuspidate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midvein, densely white-gray to gray-green tomentose, eglandular or obscurely short-stipitate- to sessile-glandular along midveins. |
Inflorescences | terminal on short shoots, sometimes appearing axillary, (5–)15–25-flowered, racemiform, often elongate. |
terminal, 7–35-flowered, cymiform or thyrsiform. |
Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, hooked, densely hairy, densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular. |
prickles moderate to dense, recurved to erect, densely hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals white, obovate to elliptic, rarely suborbiculate, 8–20 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous or glabrate. |
bisexual; petals pink to magenta, elliptic to suborbiculate, 6–12(–15) mm; filaments filiform; ovaries apically hairy. |
Fruits | black, globose to cylindric, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–100, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
black, globose, 1–1.5 cm; drupelets 15–40, coherent, separating with torus attached. |
2n | = 14, 21, 28. |
= 28. |
Rubus allegheniensis |
Rubus vestitus |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Woodlands, savannas, prairies, meadows, rock outcrops, disturbed areas, dry to damp soil | Woodland edges, open areas, disturbed areas, in moist soil |
Elevation | 0–1600 m (0–5200 ft) | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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OR; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Rubus allegheniensis consists of erect-arching, usually well-armed plants, usually densely stipitate-glandular with flattened to cupulate glands, particularly about the inflorescence. The Menominee, Meskwaki, and Potawatomi used root extracts of Rubus allegheniensis to treat eye irritation (H. H. Smith 1923, 1928, 1933). The Ojibwa used boiled extracts of the canes as a diuretic and a root extract for treating diarrhea (Smith 1932). Rubus allegheniensis is introduced in British Columbia and California, where rare and in at least California probably no more than a waif. Rubus montanus (Porter) Porter, a name that has been used for this species, is a later homonym of R. montanus Libert ex Lejeune. The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving Rubus allegheniensis and: R. canadensis (R. ×forestalis L. H. Bailey, R. ×immanis Ashe); R. flagellaris (R. ×boyntonii Ashe, R. ×fraternalis L. H. Bailey [based on R. ×fraternus Brainerd & Peitersen (not R. fraternus Gremli), R. ×licens L. H. Bailey, R. ×ostryifolius Rydberg); R. pensilvanicus (R. ×avipes L. H. Bailey, R. ×floricomus Blanchard, R. ×orarius Blanchard); R. setosus (R. ×abbrevians Blanchard, R. ×aculiferus Fernald, R. ×adenocaulis Fernald, R. ×angustifoliatus L. H. Bailey, R. ×ascendens Blanchard, R. ×atwoodii L. H. Bailey, R. ×clausenii L. H. Bailey, R. ×flavinanus Blanchard, R. ×frondisentis Blanchard, R. ×perspicuus L. H. Bailey, R. ×ravus L. H. Bailey). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus vestitus can be distinguished, especially from the closely related R. bifrons and R. ulmifolius, by its long-stipitate-glandular hairs, particularly in the inflorescence, and terminal primocane leaflets that are typically suborbiculate and abaxially densely tomentose. Rubus allegheniensis can possess similar glandular hairs; it does not have pink petals, thyrsiform inflorescences, and rounded and abaxially densely tomentose, often whitened terminal leaflets. Rubus vestitus has not yet been found in Washington, but it is likely there. Because of the overall similarity of R. vestitus to R. bifrons, it is possible that this potentially weedy species is widespread, but rare and possibly overlooked, occurring as far south as California. In Oregon, R. vestitus prefers shady habitats (B. Wilson, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 34. | FNA vol. 9, p. 56. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. villosus var. montanus, R. acadiensis, R. allegheniensis var. calycosus, R. allegheniensis var. gravesii, R. allegheniensis var. neoscoticus, R. allegheniensis var. plausus, R. allegheniensis var. populifolius, R. alumnus, R. apianus, R. attractus, R. auroralis, R. campester, R. concameratus, R. fryei, R. glandicaulis, R. impos, R. inclinis, R. irregularis, R. licitus, R. montpelierensis, R. nigrobaccus, R. nuperus, R. paulus, R. pugnax, R. rosa, R. saltuensis, R. sceleratus | |
Name authority | Porter: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 153. (1896) | Weihe & Nees: in M. J. Bluff et al., Comp. Fl. German. 1: 684. (1825) |
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