Rubus allegheniensis |
Rubus phoenicolasius |
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alleghaney blackberry, Alleghany blackberry, Allegheny blackberry, common blackberry, prairie rose, ronce des alléghanys, sow-teat berry |
Japanese wineberry, wine raspberry, wineberry |
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Habit | Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. | Shrubs, 10–20(–30) dm, armed. |
Stems | biennial, erect-arching, sparsely to densely hairy, sparsely to abundantly stipitate-glandular, glands usually flattened to cupulate, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect or slightly retrorse, stout, 4–10 mm, broad-based. |
biennial, arching, sparsely to moderately hairy, long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, erect to hooked, slender, 2–8(–10) mm, slender-based; bristles dense, 2–6 mm, usually gland-tipped and reddish purple, glands ellipsoid to narrowly cup-shaped. |
Leaves | deciduous, palmately compound, not lustrous; stipules filiform to narrowly lanceolate, (2–)5–15(–20) mm; leaflets (3–)5(–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 7–16 × 4–9 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acuminate to long-attenuate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midveins, moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular on veins. |
deciduous, ternate; stipules filiform, 5–12 mm; terminal leaflets broadly deltate or ovate to suborbiculate, 4–15 × 3.5–14 cm, base truncate, rounded, or shallowly cordate, unlobed or dentate to shallowly, sharply or bluntly 3-lobed, margins coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with scattered, erect to curved prickles on moderate- to large-sized veins, densely white-hairy, moderately to densely long-stipitate-glandular along veins. |
Inflorescences | terminal on short shoots, sometimes appearing axillary, (5–)15–25-flowered, racemiform, often elongate. |
terminal and axillary, 5–30-flowered, cymiform to racemiform. |
Pedicels | unarmed or prickles sparse, hooked, densely hairy, densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular. |
usually unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, densely long-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | bisexual; petals white, obovate to elliptic, rarely suborbiculate, 8–20 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous or glabrate. |
bisexual; petals white to pink, ovate to suborbiculate, 4–6 mm; filaments laminar; ovaries glabrous. |
Fruits | black, globose to cylindric, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–100, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. |
red to maroon, globose, 1–1.5 cm; drupelets 15–40, strongly coherent, separating from torus. |
2n | = 14, 21, 28. |
= 14. |
Rubus allegheniensis |
Rubus phoenicolasius |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Woodlands, savannas, prairies, meadows, rock outcrops, disturbed areas, dry to damp soil | Woodlands, roadsides, disturbed open areas, moist soil |
Elevation | 0–1600 m (0–5200 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; BC; e Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Rubus allegheniensis consists of erect-arching, usually well-armed plants, usually densely stipitate-glandular with flattened to cupulate glands, particularly about the inflorescence. The Menominee, Meskwaki, and Potawatomi used root extracts of Rubus allegheniensis to treat eye irritation (H. H. Smith 1923, 1928, 1933). The Ojibwa used boiled extracts of the canes as a diuretic and a root extract for treating diarrhea (Smith 1932). Rubus allegheniensis is introduced in British Columbia and California, where rare and in at least California probably no more than a waif. Rubus montanus (Porter) Porter, a name that has been used for this species, is a later homonym of R. montanus Libert ex Lejeune. The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving Rubus allegheniensis and: R. canadensis (R. ×forestalis L. H. Bailey, R. ×immanis Ashe); R. flagellaris (R. ×boyntonii Ashe, R. ×fraternalis L. H. Bailey [based on R. ×fraternus Brainerd & Peitersen (not R. fraternus Gremli), R. ×licens L. H. Bailey, R. ×ostryifolius Rydberg); R. pensilvanicus (R. ×avipes L. H. Bailey, R. ×floricomus Blanchard, R. ×orarius Blanchard); R. setosus (R. ×abbrevians Blanchard, R. ×aculiferus Fernald, R. ×adenocaulis Fernald, R. ×angustifoliatus L. H. Bailey, R. ×ascendens Blanchard, R. ×atwoodii L. H. Bailey, R. ×clausenii L. H. Bailey, R. ×flavinanus Blanchard, R. ×frondisentis Blanchard, R. ×perspicuus L. H. Bailey, R. ×ravus L. H. Bailey). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rubus phoenicolasius was introduced to North America for edible fruit, breeding stock, and for ornament. Attractive for its typically reddish purple glandular hairs, R. phoenicolasius nonetheless can be invasive. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 34. | FNA vol. 9, p. 51. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. villosus var. montanus, R. acadiensis, R. allegheniensis var. calycosus, R. allegheniensis var. gravesii, R. allegheniensis var. neoscoticus, R. allegheniensis var. plausus, R. allegheniensis var. populifolius, R. alumnus, R. apianus, R. attractus, R. auroralis, R. campester, R. concameratus, R. fryei, R. glandicaulis, R. impos, R. inclinis, R. irregularis, R. licitus, R. montpelierensis, R. nigrobaccus, R. nuperus, R. paulus, R. pugnax, R. rosa, R. saltuensis, R. sceleratus | |
Name authority | Porter: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 153. (1896) | Maximowicz: Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17: 160. (1872) |
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