Rubus allegheniensis
Rubus parviflorus
alleghaney blackberry, Alleghany blackberry, Allegheny blackberry, common blackberry, prairie rose, ronce des alléghanys, sow-teat berry
snow bramble, thimbleberry
biennial, erect-arching, sparsely to densely hairy, sparsely to abundantly stipitate-glandular, glands usually flattened to cupulate, not pruinose;
prickles sparse to dense, erect or slightly retrorse, stout, 4–10 mm, broad-based.
biennial, erect, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, moderately stipitate-glandular, glands yellowish to reddish, not pruinose.
deciduous, palmately compound, not lustrous;
stipules filiform to narrowly lanceolate, (2–)5–15(–20) mm;
leaflets (3–)5(–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 7–16 × 4–9 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex acuminate to long-attenuate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midveins, moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular on veins.
deciduous, simple;
stipules lanceolate to ovate, 5–15 mm;
blade orbiculate to reniform, 5–20 × 5–25 cm, base cordate, palmately, shallowly to moderately deeply, (3–)5(–7)-lobed, margins coarsely, irregularly serrate to doubly serrate, apex shortly acuminate to obtuse, abaxial surfaces glabrate to densely hairy, sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular, glands yellowish to reddish.
terminal on short shoots, sometimes appearing axillary, (5–)15–25-flowered, racemiform, often elongate.
terminal and axillary, (1–)3–7(–15), cymiform to thyrsiform.
unarmed or prickles sparse, hooked, densely hairy, densely short- to long-stipitate-glandular.
sparsely to moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, glands yellowish to reddish.
bisexual;
petals white, obovate to elliptic, rarely suborbiculate, 8–20 mm;
filaments filiform;
ovaries glabrous or glabrate.
bisexual;
petals white, broadly obovate, (10–)14–22(–28) mm;
filaments filiform;
ovaries distally densely hairy, styles clavate, glabrous.
black, globose to cylindric, 1–2 cm;
drupelets 20–100, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached.
red, hemispheric, 1–1.8 cm;
drupelets 50–60, coherent, separating from torus.
= 14, 21, 28.
= 14.
Rubus allegheniensis
Rubus parviflorus
Rubus allegheniensis consists of erect-arching, usually well-armed plants, usually densely stipitate-glandular with flattened to cupulate glands, particularly about the inflorescence.
The Menominee, Meskwaki, and Potawatomi used root extracts of Rubus allegheniensis to treat eye irritation (H. H. Smith 1923, 1928, 1933). The Ojibwa used boiled extracts of the canes as a diuretic and a root extract for treating diarrhea (Smith 1932). Rubus allegheniensis is introduced in British Columbia and California, where rare and in at least California probably no more than a waif.
Rubus montanus (Porter) Porter, a name that has been used for this species, is a later homonym of R. montanus Libert ex Lejeune.
The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving Rubus allegheniensis and: R. canadensis (R. ×forestalis L. H. Bailey, R. ×immanis Ashe); R. flagellaris (R. ×boyntonii Ashe, R. ×fraternalis L. H. Bailey [based on R. ×fraternus Brainerd & Peitersen (not R. fraternus Gremli), R. ×licens L. H. Bailey, R. ×ostryifolius Rydberg); R. pensilvanicus (R. ×avipes L. H. Bailey, R. ×floricomus Blanchard, R. ×orarius Blanchard); R. setosus (R. ×abbrevians Blanchard, R. ×aculiferus Fernald, R. ×adenocaulis Fernald, R. ×angustifoliatus L. H. Bailey, R. ×ascendens Blanchard, R. ×atwoodii L. H. Bailey, R. ×clausenii L. H. Bailey, R. ×flavinanus Blanchard, R. ×frondisentis Blanchard, R. ×perspicuus L. H. Bailey, R. ×ravus L. H. Bailey).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Rubus nutkanus is distinguished from other flowering raspberries by its erect, unarmed stems, simple leaves, large flowers, white petals, glabrous, clavate styles, and yellowish to reddish stipitate glands covering most plant parts. A hybrid with R. odoratus (R. ×fraseri Rehder) is thought to occur in areas of overlap in northern Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2). Varieties and forms have been described based on indument and glandularity of stems, leaves, petioles, pedicels, and sepals (for example, M. L. Fernald 1950). Different variants often occur mixed in the same population and generally do not correspond to definite geographic regions (N. C. Fassett 1941). Plants from coastal California (considered as var. velutinus) tend to have densely hairy leaf abaxial surfaces; this variation may be environmentally induced; other Rubus species show the same pattern (for example, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus) in that area. Wild thimbleberries are collected in Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, and are used in beverages and especially for jam.
Rubus nutkanus is typically associated with western North America but was originally described from plants at its eastern range limit in northern Michigan. The Great Lakes populations are disjunct from western mountain populations by around 600 miles.
The name Rubus parviflorus var. grandiflorus Farwell, which applies here, is illegitimate.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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OR, WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, IL Wildflowers, MI Flora, MN Wildflowers, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog.
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- USDA Plants Database
- LBJ Wildflower Center
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- Encyclopedia of Life
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