Flora of North America species comparison

0.5–1.5 cm, distinctly singly rosulate, innovations short, rosulate.

0.5–2 cm, fertile stems evenly foliate to weakly rosulate, innovations evenly foliate.

of main rosette and innovations similar, regularly spirally twisted around stem, erect-spreading when moist, obovate, weakly concave, 0.5–2.5 mm;

base not decurrent;

margins recurved to mid leaf, distinctly serrulate distally, limbidium present, of 1–3 rows of cells;

apex acute;

costa long-excurrent, awn sometimes hyaline, slender, irregularly twisted when dry;

proximal laminal cells long-rectangular in rosette leaves;

medial and distal cells short-rhomboidal, 12–25 µm wide, 3–4:1, walls thin, not porose.

of main rosette and innovations similar, innovation leaves smaller;

somewhat irregularly twisted to contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate, weakly concave, 1–2.5 mm;

base not decurrent;

margins recurved to mid leaf, distinctly serrulate distally, limbidium moderately distinct, of 1 or 2 rows of cells;

apex acute;

costa short-excurrent, awn pigmented;

proximal laminal cells short-rectangular;

medial and distal cells rhomboidal, 15–20 µm wide, 3–4:1, walls thin, not porose.

dioicous.

dioicous.

inclined, red-brown, cylindric to elongate-pyriform, 3–5 mm.

nutant, red to red-brown, cylindric, 2–3 mm.

asexual reproduction by rhizoidal tubers, usually on long rhizoids away from stem base, red-brown, same color as rhizoids, 200–300 µm, smooth or almost so.

asexual reproduction by rhizoidal tubers, on short rhizoids at base of stem, crimson, red to dark red, brighter than rhizoids, (120–)150–300 µm, cells strongly protuberant.