Flora of North America species comparison

0.5–1.5 cm, distinctly singly rosulate, innovations short, rosulate.

0.5–2 cm, fertile stems singly rosulate, rare, innovations elongate, evenly foliate.

of main rosette and innovations similar, regularly spirally twisted around stem, erect-spreading when moist, obovate, weakly concave, 0.5–2.5 mm;

base not decurrent;

margins recurved to mid leaf, distinctly serrulate distally, limbidium present, of 1–3 rows of cells;

apex acute;

costa long-excurrent, awn sometimes hyaline, slender, irregularly twisted when dry;

proximal laminal cells long-rectangular in rosette leaves;

medial and distal cells short-rhomboidal, 12–25 µm wide, 3–4:1, walls thin, not porose.

of main rosette and innovations somewhat differentiated;

rosette leaves somewhat irregularly twisted to contorted when dry, erect when moist, ovate to obovate, weakly concave, 0.6–2 mm;

base not decurrent;

margins plane or recurved to mid leaf, entire or weakly serrulate distally, limbidium absent or weak, of 1 row of cells;

apex acute;

costa short-excurrent to excurrent, awn pigmented;

proximal laminal cells long-rectangular;

medial and distal cells long-rhomboidal, 12–18 µm wide, 3–5:1, walls thin, not porose;

innovation leaves dark green to red-brown, ± imbricate when dry, broadly lanceolate to ovate, concave, 0.4–1.5 mm, awn present, short, pigmented.

dioicous.

inclined, red-brown, cylindric to elongate-pyriform, 3–5 mm.

nutant, brown, subcylindric, 2–3 mm.

asexual reproduction by rhizoidal tubers, usually on long rhizoids away from stem base, red-brown, same color as rhizoids, 200–300 µm, smooth or almost so.

asexual reproduction by gemmae in distal leaf axils or rarely on leaves, brown, finely papillose, and rhizoidal tubers, brown to red-brown, same color as rhizoids, (100–)150–300 µm. Sexual condition dioicous.