Rosa woodsii |
Rosa minutifolia |
|||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cluster wild rose, pearhip rose, prairie rose, Wood's rose |
Baja rose, Ensenada rose, small-leaf rose |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Shrubs, forming thickets or ± open stands. | Shrubs forming dense, low thickets. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, slender to stout, 2–20(–50) dm, densely or openly branched; bark dark red, glabrous; infrastipular prickles usually paired, sometimes absent, erect or curved to hooked, declined, or introrse, usually subulate, sometimes terete or flattened, stout, (0.5–)2–7(–13) × 1–5 mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles usually sparse to dense, often intermixed with aciculi. |
usually erect, (3–)5–12(–15) dm; distal branches pubescent or glabrous, without stellate hairs; infrastipular prickles absent, internodal prickles sparse to common, erect, (2–)6–10(–12) × 1–3 mm, pubescent at least basally, mixed with dense aciculi, to 3 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | 2.5–8(–12) cm; stipules (6–)9–16(–25) × 2–5 mm, auricles usually flared, 2–6 mm, margins usually entire, sometimes undulate, sparsely serrate, eglandular or glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular, rarely glandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets sparse or absent, usually puberulent-velutinous hairs 0.1(–0.5) mm, rarely glabrate, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 3–12 mm, blade obovate, elliptic, or ovate, rarely cordate, (6–)12–35(–40) × 6–20(–26) mm, usually widest at or above middle, membranous, base cuneate, rarely obtuse, margins 1(–2+)-serrate, teeth (5–)7–14 per side, on distal 1/2–4/5 of margin, acute, usually eglandular, apex acute or obtuse, abaxial surfaces pale green, glabrous, sometimes pubescent or puberulent, eglandular, sometimes glandular, adaxial green, rarely glaucous, dull, glabrous. |
1.5–2.5 cm; stipules 3.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm, margins entire or dentate with glands, surfaces pubescent, eglandular, auricles acute, (0.5–)2–3 mm, surfaces pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis puberulent, stipitate glands and pricklets sparse; leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 1–4 mm, blade oval, suborbiculate, or obovate, 3–7 × 2–6 mm, margins deeply 1- or multi-lobed, usually glandular, teeth lobelike, (3 or)4 or 5(or 6) per side on distal 1/2 of blades, some multi-serrate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces pubescent (especially on veins), adaxial dull, sometimes pubescent. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Inflorescences | usually panicles, sometimes corymbs or solitary flowers, 1–10(–25+)-flowered. |
1(–3)-flowered. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Pedicels | erect, slender, 10–20(–33) mm, glabrous, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular; bracts 2, ovate or lanceolate, (6–)9–20 × 4–9 mm, margins entire or ciliate, eglandular, sometimes sparsely glandular, surfaces pubescent, eglandular. |
2–9 mm, setae sparse, eglandular; bracts 1 or 2. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Flowers | (2–)3–3.5(–5) cm diam.; hypanthium ovoid, rarely oblong or globose, 3–6 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular, neck (0–)0.5–1 × 1.5–3.5 mm; sepals spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 8–15(–21) × 1.5–2.5 mm, tip 4–6 × 0.3–1(–2) mm, margins usually entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous, eglandular, sometimes sessile- or stipitate-glandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, 15–20(–25) × 15–20(–25) mm; stamens 65; carpels (16–)20–40(–50), styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (2–2.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (3–5 mm diam.). |
2.5–3 cm diam.; hypanthium subglobose to globose, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, densely pubescent and setose; sepals spreading, 8–12 × 2–4 mm, tip 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, lobes 3–4, margins usually gland-tipped, abaxial surfaces pubescent, setae sparse, eglandular or sparsely glandular; petals usually pink to light rose pink, sometimes white, 10–15(–20) × 9–14 mm; stamens 45; carpels 10–25(–30), styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (2–4 mm diam.), rims 0.5–0.8 mm wide. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Hips | red, orange-red, or purplish red, globose, depressed-globose, ovoid, oblong, or urceolate, 6–13(–16) × 5–12(–15) mm, fleshy, usually glabrous, eglandular, neck (0–)1–2 × 3–4(–7) mm; sepals persistent, erect to spreading. |
dark reddish purple, subglobose, 5–7 × 5–7 mm, setae 1–4 mm, pubescent, eglandular. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Achenes | basiparietal, 15–40, tan to dark tan, (3.5–)4–5(–6) × 2–4 mm. |
6–16, dark, ± terete-elongate, 3.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 14. |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Rosa woodsii |
Rosa minutifolia |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry washes, brush, grasslands, sagebrush, rocky hillsides | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; SK; YT; n Mexico
|
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies 6 (6 in the flora). Rosa woodsii is the most common and most variable rose species in central and western North America (W. H. Lewis and B. Ertter 2007, 2010). Among its diagnostic features are relatively slender prickles, usually 1-serrate, eglandular leaflets, and a finely velutinous indument of 0.2–0.5 mm hairs on petioles and rachises. Its range extends from the prairies of Canada and the United States to inland Alaska and to north-central New Mexico, California east of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada, and northern Mexico. At least 25 species names have been proposed to accommodate variation encompassed here within Rosa woodsii; some of these names have been used extensively (for example, R. fendleri Crépin, R. macounii Greene). The six subspecies recognized here represent significant morphological tendencies occurring in well-defined ecogeographic settings (W. H. Lewis and B. Ertter 2007, 2010). Localized varieties are recognized within two of the subspecies. Plants with intermediate characteristics often occur in transitional zones, and occasional anomalous collections display features not otherwise characteristic of a given ecogeographic region. Leaves of Rosa woodsii inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely infected cells. Both oleanolic and pomolic acids were identified as anti-HIV agents (Y. Kashiwada et al. 1998). Root decoctions of R. woodsii were drunk by the Shoshoni as a blood tonic for general debility and to treat diarrhea, and also by the Paiute for treating diarrhea (W. H. Lewis and M. P. F. Elvin-Lewis 2003). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Rosa minutifolia was first collected in the United States in 1985 (San Diego County; G. A. Levin 1986). Before being extirpated by a development project, the single population was re-established in a nearby protected site, where the transplants are reportedly doing well (C. Burrascano, pers. comm.). Existence of R. minutifolia in the United States remains of conservation concern. Although common where found in coastal scrub of Baja California, Mexico, the habitat there is considered threatened by development. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 105. | FNA vol. 9, p. 79. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Hesperhodos > sect. Minutifoliae | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Hesperhodos minutifolius | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Lindley: Ros. Monogr., 21. (1820) | Engelmann: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9: 97. (1882) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|