Rosa setigera |
Rosa tomentosa |
|
---|---|---|
climbing prairie rose, climbing rose, prairie rose |
harsh downy-rose, whitewoolly rose |
|
Habit | Shrubs, climbing; rhizomatous or not. | |
Stems | erect to procumbent and vinelike, 10–20(–60) dm; bark of canes green to light brown; prickles infrastipular and internodal, single or paired, declined, usually curved, sometimes erect, stout, 3–4 × 7–9 mm, broad-based, sometimes mixed with aciculi, rarely absent. |
arching, 7–20(–30) dm, internodes long; distal branches spreading, bark pale green; infrastipular prickles single or paired, curved or ± erect, 3–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm, lengths ± uniform, internodal prickles sometimes mostly smaller, with aciculi, rarely absent. |
Leaves | deciduous, 8–12 cm; stipules narrowly lanceolate, 12–15 × 0.5–3 mm, auricles flared, 3–4 mm, margins entire, sometimes fimbriate, stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, sparsely glandular; petiole and rachis with or without pricklets, usually pubescent, stipitate-glandular; leaflets 3 (mostly younger stems)–5 (older stems), terminal: petiolule 10–16 mm, blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, (30–)48(–70) × (20–)27(–40) mm, membranous or leathery, base rounded or obtuse, margins 1(–2)-serrate, teeth (18–)35(–42) per side, coarse, gland-tipped, apex usually acuminate, abaxial surfaces pale green, glabrous or pubescent to tomentose, sometimes sessile- and/or stipitate-glandular, adaxial darker green, dull, glabrous. |
deciduous, 5–7.5(–11) cm; stipules 10–16(–20) × 3–4 mm, auricles 2–5 mm, margins densely glandular-ciliate, surfaces tomentose, often glandular abaxially; petiole and rachis with sparse pricklets, tomentulose, glandular; leaflets 5–7, terminal: petiolule 6–8 mm, blade orbiculate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 15–30(–60) × 8–22(–50) mm, base obtuse, margins 1- or multi-serrate, teeth 13–20 per side, apex acute, abaxial surfaces tomentose, usually resinous-glandular, glands resin-scented, adaxial pale or grayish green, dull, glabrous or pubescent. |
Panicles | (1–)6(–15+)-flowered. |
|
Inflorescences | panicles, 1–6-flowered. |
|
Pedicels | 15–25 mm, glabrous, stipitate-glandular; bracts 1 or 2, narrowly lanceolate, 10–30 × 1–2 mm, margins short stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
erect, (11–)20–35 mm, densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate, 13–14 × 5–7 mm, margins ciliate-glandular, surfaces tomentose, glandular or eglandular. |
Flowers | functionally unisexual or monoecious, plants dioecious, 3–5 cm diam.; hypanthium ovoid, 4–6 × 4–5 mm, stipitate-glandular; sepals narrowly to broadly ovate-lanceolate, 10–18 × 2–4 mm, margins entire, tip 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm, abaxial surfaces pubescent, stipitate-glandular; petals single, rose-purple to pink, fading to white, 18–25 × 16–25 mm; stamens 212; carpels 20–25, styles glabrous, exsert 5–6 mm beyond stylar orifice rims (0.5 mm diam.), hypanthial disc 2–3 mm diam. |
3.5–5 cm diam.; hypanthium ovoid, 6–7 × 4 mm, stipitate-glandular, setose, rarely eglandular, neck 1.5 × 2 mm; sepals spreading or erect, ovate-lanceolate, 15–25 × 2–3 mm, margins pinnatifid, tip 4–5 × 1–1.5 mm, abaxially densely stipitate-glandular; petals pink, rarely white, 8–15 × 10–15 mm; carpels 26–34, styles glabrous or villous, exsert 2–2.5 mm beyond stylar orifice (1 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (2–4 mm diam.). |
Hips | bright red, subglobose to globose, 6–10 × 6–9 mm, firm, sparsely stipitate-glandular often undeveloped because of dioecy, then early deciduous. |
dark red, oblong, ovoid, or globose, 10–15 × 10–12 mm, glabrous, stipitate-glandular at least proximally, neck 1 × 5–6 mm; sepals deciduous after anthesis, spreading or reflexed. |
Achenes | 17–22, fawn, 4–5 × 2.5–3 mm. |
ca. 23, tan, 4–4.5 × 2 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 35. |
Rosa setigera |
Rosa tomentosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Prairies, savannas, woodland borders, clearings, open fields, abandoned pastures, waste areas, roadsides, fence rows | Roadside thickets, hedgerows, woodland edges |
Elevation | 100–500 m (300–1600 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON [Introduced in Europe (Channel Islands)]
|
NC; NY; TN; TX; VT; PE; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | In the eastern United States Rosa setigera has been introduced from the Midwest or escaped from cultivation (W. H. Lewis 1959b). Based primarily on herbarium records, R. setigera is introduced in Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia; other states (Alabama, Georgia, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia) probably have both native and introduced populations. Rosa setigera is the only native rose with procumbent or climbing stems to 60 dm with three leaflets on younger stems and five on older stems, and with unisexual flowers and caducous sepals. Rosa setigera is the only species of sect. Systylae native to North America. The species is distinct from other members of the section in its flavonoid patterns, which show linkages to sect. Cinnamomeae [= sect. Rosa] (C. Grossi et al. 1998); it is also the only dioecious species of the genus. Microscopic floral characters are detailed elsewhere (W. H. Lewis 1959b; P. G. Kevan et al. 1990; J. R. Kemp et al. 1993, 1993b). Since 1886, Rosa setigera has been used also as one parent in climbing hybrid cultivars produced in central Europe to increase hardiness and vigorous growth. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
A rare introduction from Europe, Rosa tomentosa was reported by P. A. Rydberg (1918) from North Carolina and Texas and collected by Fernald (GH) in Queens County, Prince Edward Island. The species is also reported to occur in disturbed areas in New York, Tennessee, and Vermont (USDA PLANTS database). Whether the species has persisted at any of these occurrences is unknown; it is not currently included in the flora of Canada (H. G. Scoggan 1978–1979; VASCAN). Rosa tomentosa is best recognized by its climbing habit, leaflets that are abaxially, and sometimes adaxially, tomentose or pubescent, and relatively long petioles. Sepals are spreading or reflexed after anthesis and deciduous when hips mature. Prickles are usually erect, and the stylar orifices are small (1 mm diam.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 83. | FNA vol. 9, p. 92. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Systylae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Caninae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. rubifolia, R. setigera var. elatior, R. setigera var. glabra, R. setigera var. tomentosa | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 295. (1803) | Smith: Fl. Brit. 2: 539. (1800) |
Web links |