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Eglantine or sweet briar rose, Eglantine rose, rosier églantier, small-flower sweetbrier, sweet-briar rose, sweet-brier, sweetbrier rose

Habit Shrubs, erect; not rhizomatous. Shrubs, compact, usually forming thickets; rhizomatous, rhizomes absent or relatively short.
Stems

10–30 dm;

distal branches arching, bark dark brownish red;

infrastipular prickles single or paired, curved, falcate, 6–12 × 3–7 mm, lengths varying or ± uniform, internodal prickles sometimes mixed with aciculi and glandular setae.

erect, arching, or spreading, 7–30(–50) dm;

distal branches glabrous, eglandular;

infrastipular prickles paired or single, curved or appressed, rarely erect, flattened, stout, internodal prickles rare, smaller, or aciculi, sometimes absent.

Leaves

persistent, 4–6.5 cm;

stipules 6–10 × 2–4 mm, auricles 3–5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular;

petiole and rachis with pricklets, puberulent, stipitate-glandular;

leaflets 5–7(–9), viscid glands with ripe apple scent, terminal: petiolule 5–10 mm, blade mostly suborbiculate or broadly oval, 10–25 × 8–15 mm, base obtuse, margins 2- or multi-serrate, teeth 10–18 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces glabrous or pubescent, usually densely viscid-glandular, adaxial green, lustrous to dull, puberulent or glabrous.

deciduous, rarely persistent, 4–11(–18) cm, membranous to leathery;

stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, auricles flared, margins entire, rarely slightly crenate, sometimes densely glandular-ciliate, stipitate-glandular or eglandular;

leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 5–17(–40) mm, blade ovate, obovate, orbiculate, or elliptic, sometimes oval or ovate-lanceolate, 10–45(–65) × 8–30(–50) mm, abaxial surfaces pubescent or tomentose (sometimes on midveins) or glabrous, eglandular or glandular, with or without resinous glands, adaxial pale, light, or dark green, sometimes glaucous, lustrous to dull, tomentulose or pubescent, sometimes glabrous.

Inflorescences

panicles, 1–3(–7)-flowered.

panicles, sometimes corymbs, 1–4(–7)-flowered.

Pedicels

erect, 6–9 mm, densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes mixed with aciculi [and setae];

bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 15 × 5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular.

erect or reflexed, stout, (5–)11–20(–35) mm, glabrous, eglandular or stipitate-glandular;

bracts persistent, 1 or 2, margins glandular-serrate or stipitate- or ciliate-glandular.

Flowers

2–4 cm diam.;

hypanthium obovoid or broadly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, eglandular, neck (0–)1–1.5 × 3–4 mm;

sepals erect or spreading, rarely reflexed, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 14–18 × 2 mm, margins mostly pinnatifid, tip 3–5 × 0.5–1 mm, abaxially densely stipitate-glandular;

petals bright or deep pink, 11–20 × 11–18 mm;

carpels 25–45, styles villous or glabrous, exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.2–2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (2.5–4 mm diam.).

2.5–5 cm diam.;

hypanthium globose, ovoid, obovoid, oblong, or urceolate, glabrous, usually eglandular, base sometimes stipitate- or setose-glandular;

sepals persistent or deciduous, appressed-reflexed, spreading, or erect, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 10–25 × 2–5 mm, margins (outer) often deeply pinnatifid, abaxial surfaces glabrous, eglandular, densely glandular, or stipitate-glandular;

petals single, pink or rose, rarely white;

carpels 25–65, styles free, lanate or villous, rarely glabrous, stylar orifice 1–2.5(–3.5) mm diam., hypanthial disc flat or conic, 2–5 mm diam.

Hips

dark red, subglobose to broadly ovoid, ellipsoid, or pyriform, 10–25 × 7–22 mm, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular;

sepals tardily deciduous, mostly erect.

red to purplish or orange, globose, depressed-globose, obovoid, ovoid, oblong, urceolate, ellipsoid, or pyriform, 10–25 × 6–22 mm, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular or stipitate-glandular;

sepals deciduous or persistent, spreading, reflexed, or erect.

Achenes

15–25, tan, 3.5–4(–5) × 2–2.5(–3) mm.

basiparietal.

2n

= 35, 42.

Rosa rubiginosa

Rosa sect. Caninae

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced widely worldwide]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Rosa rubiginosa has been introduced throughout Canada and the United States except the desert southwest. Plants are compact, upright shrubs without rhizomes. Stems have stout, falcate infrastipular prickles mixed with internodal prickles, aciculi, and glandular setae. Leaflet blades are densely viscid-glandular with ripe apple scent and margins 2- or multi-serrate with stipitate glands.

Rosa eglanteria Linnaeus is a formally rejected name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 20 (5 in the flora).

All species of sect. Caninae are polyploid, mostly pentaploid (2n = 35), but also triploid (2n = 21) and tetraploid (2n = 28) or all three polyploid levels for a single species, with a hemisexual, matroclinal (maternal) reproduction unlike that known for any other flowering plant (H. Nybom et al. 2000). In addition, unknown elsewhere in Rosa, apomixis appears to occur to a limited extent among Caninae species, which complicates further their reproductive anomaly (G. Werlemark 2000). Even though over 350 taxa have been described in the section, the relatively few species now recognized are highly complex groups of microspecies, and the authors agree with the editors of W. J. Bean (1970–1988, vol. 4) that no attempt should be made in modern floristic works to take account of every character-state combination. Further, those editors believed that the species of Caninae are cryptohybrids, that is, they are all products of ancient hybridizations between species that no longer exist, at least not in their primitive states.

In addition to the species treated here, Rosa obtusifolia Desvaux is marginally naturalized in California, New Mexico, and Virginia; it differs from R. canina in having hairy leaflets that are usually glandular abaxially.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Distal branches: prickle lengths varying, aciculi and setae sometimes present; hips 10–25 × 10–22 mm; flowers 2.5–4 cm diam., sepals deciduous as or after hips mature, styles usually villous, stylar orifices 1/3 diam. of rims 4 mm diam.
var. rubiginosa
1. Distal branches: prickle lengths ± uniform, aciculi and setae absent; hips 10–12 × 7–9 mm; flowers 2–3.5 cm diam., sepals deciduous before or as hips mature, styles usually glabrous, stylar orifices 1/5–1/6 diam. of rims 2.5–4 mm diam.
var. nemoralis
1. Sepals abaxially eglandular; prickle lengths ± uniform; leaflets abaxially glabrous, rarely pubescent or tomentose on midveins, eglandular; bracts 6–18 × 4–5 mm, surfaces glabrous.
R. canina
1. Sepals abaxially densely glandular or stipitate-glandular; prickle lengths varying or ± uniform; leaflets abaxially usually tomentose, rarely glabrous or pubescent, usually glandular; bracts 13–21 × 4–7 mm, surfaces usually tomentose, rarely glabrous or pubescent
→ 2
2. Leaflets abaxially usually densely viscid-glandular, glabrous or pubescent, glands with ripe apple scent; prickles curved or falcate.
R. rubiginosa
2. Leaflets abaxially usually resinous-glandular, tomentose, glands resin-scented; prickles all erect or some curved
→ 3
3. Hips: sepals spreading or reflexed, deciduous after anthesis; stylar orifices 1 mm diam.
R. tomentosa
3. Hips: sepals usually erect, persistent after anthesis; stylar orifices 2.5–3.5 mm diam
→ 4
4. Stipules 10–14 × 3–5 mm, auricles 3–4 mm; bracts 16–21 mm; sepals lanceolate, 15–20 × 3–3.5 mm; stylar orifices 2.5 mm diam.
R. sherardii
4. Stipules 15–20 × 5–10 mm, auricles 5–8 mm; bracts 10–12 mm; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 20–25 × (4–)5 mm; stylar orifices 3.5 mm diam.
R. mollis
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 90. FNA vol. 9, p. 89.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Caninae Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa
Sibling taxa
R. acicularis, R. arkansana, R. blanda, R. bracteata, R. bridgesii, R. californica, R. canina, R. carolina, R. cinnamomea, R. foliolosa, R. gallica, R. glauca, R. gymnocarpa, R. laevigata, R. lucieae, R. minutifolia, R. mollis, R. multiflora, R. nitida, R. nutkana, R. palustris, R. pinetorum, R. pisocarpa, R. rugosa, R. setigera, R. sherardii, R. spinosissima, R. spithamea, R. stellata, R. tomentosa, R. virginiana, R. woodsii
Subordinate taxa
R. rubiginosa var. nemoralis, R. rubiginosa var. rubiginosa
R. canina, R. mollis, R. rubiginosa, R. sherardii, R. tomentosa
Name authority Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 2: 564. (1771) de Candolle ex Seringe: Mus. Helv. Bot. 1: 3. (1818)
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