Rosa rubiginosa |
Rosa nutkana |
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Eglantine or sweet briar rose, Eglantine rose, rosier églantier, small-flower sweetbrier, sweet-briar rose, sweet-brier, sweetbrier rose |
bristly rose, Nootka rose, wild rose |
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Habit | Shrubs, erect; not rhizomatous. | Shrubs, loosely clustered or forming dense thickets. | ||||||||||||
Stems | 10–30 dm; distal branches arching, bark dark brownish red; infrastipular prickles single or paired, curved, falcate, 6–12 × 3–7 mm, lengths varying or ± uniform, internodal prickles sometimes mixed with aciculi and glandular setae. |
erect or spreading, stout or lax, 4–25(–40) dm, densely or openly branched; bark dull reddish brown, older wood with gray exfoliate, glabrous; infrastipular prickles 0–2, erect, curved, or hooked, often flattened, stout, subulate, sometimes deltoid, (2–)3–15(–20) × 2–10(–15) mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles usually sparse or absent, smaller, mixed with aciculi, sometimes absent. |
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Leaves | persistent, 4–6.5 cm; stipules 6–10 × 2–4 mm, auricles 3–5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets, puberulent, stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), viscid glands with ripe apple scent, terminal: petiolule 5–10 mm, blade mostly suborbiculate or broadly oval, 10–25 × 8–15 mm, base obtuse, margins 2- or multi-serrate, teeth 10–18 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces glabrous or pubescent, usually densely viscid-glandular, adaxial green, lustrous to dull, puberulent or glabrous. |
(3–)5–12(–17) cm; stipules 12–20(–28) × 3–5(–10) mm, auricles flared, 3–6(–10) mm, margins sinuate or shallowly serrate, sparsely to ± densely stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent, eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets absent or sparse, glabrous or pubescent, sessile- or stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule (3–)5–17 mm, blade ovate, elliptic, or suborbiculate, rarely cordate or oblong, (14–)20–55(–63) × (6–)10–30(–40) mm, firm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins 1–2+-serrate, teeth 8–20 per side, often broad-based 2–4 mm, acute to obtuse, eglandular or gland-tipped, apex acute or obtuse, rarely acuminate, abaxial surfaces green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, eglandular or sessile-glandular, adaxial green, dull, glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | panicles, 1–3(–7)-flowered. |
corymbs, 1–3(–9)-flowered. |
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Pedicels | erect, 6–9 mm, densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes mixed with aciculi [and setae]; bracts 2, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 15 × 5 mm, margins stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, eglandular. |
erect or recurved, slender to stout, 10–20(–33) mm, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1 or 2(or 3), ovate, 13–20 × 4–9 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous, glandular or eglandular. |
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Flowers | 2–4 cm diam.; hypanthium obovoid or broadly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, eglandular, neck (0–)1–1.5 × 3–4 mm; sepals erect or spreading, rarely reflexed, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 14–18 × 2 mm, margins mostly pinnatifid, tip 3–5 × 0.5–1 mm, abaxially densely stipitate-glandular; petals bright or deep pink, 11–20 × 11–18 mm; carpels 25–45, styles villous or glabrous, exsert 1–2 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.2–2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (2.5–4 mm diam.). |
(3.5–)4.5–7(–8.5) cm diam.; hypanthium globose to subglobose or ovoid, 4–10 × 5–8.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular, sometimes setose-glandular, neck (0–)0.5–1.5 × 3–6 mm; sepals spreading, lanceolate, 14–25(–35) × (2–)3–4 mm, tip 5–10(–20) × 1–3 mm, margins entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous or slightly hairy, stipitate-glandular and sessile-glandular or eglandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, (15–)20–32 × (15–)20–32 mm; stamens 100; carpels 28–58, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar orifice (2–2.5 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (5 mm diam.). |
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Hips | dark red, subglobose to broadly ovoid, ellipsoid, or pyriform, 10–25 × 7–22 mm, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular; sepals tardily deciduous, mostly erect. |
red, orange-red, or purplish red, globose, depressed-globose, ovoid, oblong, or urceolate, (8–)10–20(–24) × 10–20(+) mm, fleshy, glabrous, sometimes setose, eglandular or glandular, neck (0–)1–2 × (4–)5–8 mm; sepals persistent, erect, sometimes spreading. |
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Achenes | 15–25, tan, 3.5–4(–5) × 2–2.5(–3) mm. |
basiparietal, (1–)16–40, tan to dark tan, 4–6 × 2–4 mm. |
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2n | = 35, 42. |
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Rosa rubiginosa |
Rosa nutkana |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced widely worldwide]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Rosa rubiginosa has been introduced throughout Canada and the United States except the desert southwest. Plants are compact, upright shrubs without rhizomes. Stems have stout, falcate infrastipular prickles mixed with internodal prickles, aciculi, and glandular setae. Leaflet blades are densely viscid-glandular with ripe apple scent and margins 2- or multi-serrate with stipitate glands. Rosa eglanteria Linnaeus is a formally rejected name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Rosa nutkana is a widespread, polymorphic, hexaploid species that occurs from coastal Alaska to northern California, and eastward in the Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico (W. H. Lewis and B. Ertter 2007). Flowers and hips are usually solitary and significantly larger than in most sympatric species, and sepal tips are usually conspicuously prolonged and expanded. Eglandular and stipitate-glandular or setose hips can occur in the same population. A presumed hybrid between subsp. nutkana (6x) and Rosa rugosa (2x) has been reported from Washington state. In Colorado, at the southeasternmost range of R. nutkana, a putative hybrid between subsp. melina and R. acicularis subsp. sayi has been recognized as R. ×engelmannii S. Watson. It is based on such intermediate characteristics as few infrastipular prickles with interspersed aciculi on distal stems and fertile branches, sparsely stipitate-glandular abaxial sepal surfaces, petioles and rachises with few pricklets, and blade margins 1- or multi-serrate. Among the Lillooet and Thompson tribes of southwestern British Columbia, Rosa nutkana is considered of high value for use in traditional medicine (N. J. Turner 1988). They do not distinguish R. acicularis and R. woodsii from R. nutkana and use them similarly; R. gymnocarpa is distinct in name and use. Root extracts of R. nutkana, probably subsp. nutkana, were found to be active against an enteric coronavirus in antiviral screening (A. R. McCutcheon et al. 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 90. | FNA vol. 9, p. 112. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Caninae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Roseae > Rosa > subg. Rosa > sect. Rosa | ||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 2: 564. (1771) | C. Presl: Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 563. (1851) | ||||||||||||
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